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Reich (and Fauci) are Wildly Wrong
By Donald Boudreaux
April 24, 2022


Dear Correspondent,

Because when you sent to me the following tweet by Robert Reich you provided no commentary, I can’t tell if you approve or disapprove of its contents, which are in full:

Perhaps there’s something wrong with a system that allows a 35-year-old, unelected, Trump-nominated judge — whom the American Bar Association deemed unqualified — to strike down the travel mask mandate for the entire country?

Yet sensing that you find Reich’s tweet to be a brilliantly damning commentary on U.S. District Court Judge Kathyrn Kimball Mizelle’s ruling against the CDC’s mask mandate, I feel obliged to explain why I think Reich’s tweet is, to put it mildly, moronic.

First, there is no legally specified minimum age for serving on the federal bench. Joseph Story – no slouch as a jurist – was appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court at the age of 32.

Second, like him or not, Donald Trump was president from 2017 to 2021, and among any president’s duties is to nominate federal-court judges.

Third, Judge Mizelle wasn’t put on the court by Trump unilaterally; she was approved by the Senate.

Fourth, all federal-court judges are unelected.

Fifth, Anthony Fauci, Rochelle Walensky, and other public-health administrators are also unelected.

Sixth, while the ABA did indeed deem Judge Mizelle to be unqualified, it did so because she spent too little time in the private practice of law. If this criterion suffices to render someone unfit for high government office, Anthony Fauci is even less qualified for his position than is Judge Mizelle for hers, given that Fauci spent no time in the private practice of medicine. Upon completion of his residency in 1968, he took a job with the National Institutes of Health. He has ever since been employed by the government.

Seventh, because the CDC is a federal-government agency, its diktats generally cover the entire country – a fact that should be doubly obvious in the case of diktats affecting interstate commercial air travel. Judge Mizelle could hardly have ruled against the mask mandate for only a subsection of the country.

Eighth, Reich skates alarmingly close to implicitly endorsing what Fauci recently endorsed explicitly – namely, that government-employed public-health bureaucrats be above the law. About Judge Mizelle’s ruling, Fauci declared: “We are concerned about that – about courts getting involved in things that are unequivocally public health decisions. I mean, this is a CDC issue; it should not be a court issue.”

To propose that any government action be immune to judicial oversight – that is, immune to oversight by the formal guardians of the law – is to propose that the officials who perform that action be above the law. As Reason’s Eric Boehm wrote in reaction to this authoritarian outburst by Fauci, “This is either a complete misunderstanding of the American system’s basic functions or an expression of disdain toward the rule of law.”

Sincerely,
Donald J. Boudreaux
Professor of Economics
 

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US, subvarient excellent news
10 min 29 sec
Apr 24, 2022
Dr. John Campbell

Immunity generating omicron subvarients circulating widely in the United States CDC data https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-trac... Omicron BA.2 in US, April 16th https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/... https://covid.cdc.gov/covid-data-trac... 93.4% of the coronavirus variants circulating in the United States 19% BA.2.12.1 Contains additional mutations, linked to immune evasion New York State's health department BA.2.12 and BA.2.12.1 most prevalent versions in central NY state 23%-27% growth advantage over the original BA.2
 

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Learning from China
18 min 17 sec
Apr 24, 2022
Dr. John Campbell

Maybe we are much more similar than we thought. China https://www.dw.com/en/china-why-is-pu... https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-c... https://www.theguardian.com/world/202... Beijing Cases, + 22 Tian Wei Beijing’s municipal party committee The risk of continued and hidden transmission is high, and the situation is grim The whole city of Beijing must act immediately Shanghai Most of 25 million, strict lockdown, in fifth week Cases, + 22,284 + 20,634 + 19,657 = 320,000 Symptomatic cases, + 2,988 + 1,580 Deaths, + 3 + 12 + 39 = 87 elderly, unvaccinated, underlying health problems 140 deaths from non-COVID illnesses Many moved to several quarantine centres or quarantine hotels Transfers to quarantine facilities 100 miles away Only those who tested negative could go Communist Party Vice Premier Sun Chunlan no exemptions all infected people should be treated, all close contacts should be isolated transferred to government-run centralised quarantine People's Daily persistence is victory Health workers in full PPE Spreading lime powder disinfection measures will be escalated in homes, some forced to move out overwhelmed delivery services
 

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COVID-19 Third Dose Vaccine Protection Against Hospitalization Wanes After 3 Months
By Kaiser Permanente April 24, 2022

A new research study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine shows that protection against the omicron variant deteriorates over time – even after a third vaccine dose.

Kaiser Permanente finds the Pfizer COVID-19 third dose vaccine protection against hospitalization from omicron wanes after 3 months.

A research study released on April 22, 2022, in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine shows that a booster dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine provides strong protection, roughly 80% to 90%, in the first few months against hospital admissions and emergency department visits caused by the delta and omicron variants of COVID-19. However, this protection against omicron deteriorates over time – even after a third vaccine dose.

“Pfizer BioNTech COVID-19 booster doses significantly improve protection against omicron, although that protection seems to wane after 3 months against emergency room visits, and even for hospitalization,” said the study’s lead author, Sara Y. Tartof, PhD, an epidemiologist with the Kaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation and a faculty member of the Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, both in Pasadena.
“Trends in waning against delta-related outcomes were generally similar to omicron, but with higher effectiveness at each time point than those seen for omicron.”

The researchers examined 11,123 hospital admissions and emergency department visits that did not result in hospitalization for acute respiratory infection for this study. The researchers looked at Kaiser Permanente patient records in Southern California from December 1, 2021, to February 6, 2022, when both the delta and omicron variants were circulating in the population.
  • After 2 doses of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against omicron was 41% against hospital admission and 31% against emergency department visits at 9 months.
  • After 3 doses, effectiveness against omicron-related hospitalization was 85% at less than 3 months but fell to 55% at 3 months or longer.
  • Against emergency department visits that did not result in hospitalization, vaccine effectiveness of 3 doses against omicron was 77% at less than 3 months but fell to 53% at 3 months or longer.
“Although the Pfizer COVID-19 protection levels against omicron after 3 doses are substantially higher than those seen after 2 doses, they are less than those observed for delta or other COVID-19 strains,” Tartof said. “Additional doses of current, adapted, or novel COVID-19 vaccines may be needed to maintain high levels of protection against subsequent waves of COVID-19 caused by omicron or future variants with similar potential to escape protection.”

Reference: “Durability of BNT162b2 vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the omicron and delta variants in a large health system in the USA: a test-negative case–control study” by Sara Y Tartof, PhD; Jeff M Slezak, MS; Laura Puzniak, PhD; Vennis Hong, MPH; Fagen Xie, PhD; Bradley K Ackerson, MD; Srinivas R Valluri, PhD; Luis Jodar, PhD and John M McLaughlin, PhD, 22 April 2022, The Lancet Respiratory Medicine.

DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00101-1
 

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Unvaccinated people increase risk of SARS-CoV-2 for vaccinated people even when vaccination rates are high
by Canadian Medical Association Journal
April 25, 2022

"Many opponents of vaccine mandates have framed vaccine adoption as a matter of individual choice," writes Dr. David Fisman, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, with coauthors. "However, we found that the choices made by people who forgo vaccination contribute disproportionately to risk among those who do get vaccinated."

Researchers used a simple model to explore the effect of mixing between unvaccinated and vaccinated people to understand the dynamics of an infectious disease like SARS-CoV-2. They simulated mixing of like-with-like populations in which people have exclusive contact with others of the same vaccination status as well as random mixing between different groups. When unvaccinated mixed with unvaccinated, the risk to vaccinated people was lower. When vaccinated and unvaccinated people mixed, a substantial number of new infections would occur in vaccinated people, even in scenarios where vaccination rates were high.

The authors' findings remained stable even when they modeled lower levels of vaccine effectiveness for prevention of infection, such as in those who have not received a booster dose or with new SARS-CoV-2 variants. These findings may be relevant to future waves of SARS-CoV-2 or to the behavior of new variants.

"Risk among unvaccinated people cannot be considered self-regarding," the authors write. In other words, forgoing vaccination can't be considered to affect only the unvaccinated, but also those around them. "Considerations around equity and justice for people who do choose to be vaccinated, as well as those who choose not to be, need to be considered in the formulation of vaccination policy," the authors conclude.
 

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Study of 2,000 patients after hospitalization with COVID-19 shows only around 1 in 4 feel fully recovered after 1 year
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 24, 2022

A new UK study of more than 2,000 patients after hospitalization with COVID-19 presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2022, Lisbon 23-26), and published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine shows that, one year after having COVID-19, only around one in four patients feel fully well again. The study is led by Professor Christopher Brightling, Dr. Rachael Evans, and Professor Louise Wain, National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Center, University of Leicester, UK and colleagues.

The authors found that being female versus being male (32% less likely), having obesity (half as likely) and having had mechanical ventilation in hospital (58% less likely) were all associated with a lower probability of feeling fully recovered at one year. The most common ongoing long-COVID symptoms were fatigue, muscle pain, physically slowing down, poor sleep, and breathlessness.

This research used data from the post-hospitalization COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study which assessed adults (aged 18 years and over) who had been hospitalized with COVID-19 across the UK and subsequently discharged. Patients from 39 UK National Health Service (NHS) hospitals were included, who agreed to five-month and 1-year follow-up assessments in addition to their clinical care. Recovery was assessed using patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance, and organ function at 5 months and 1 year after hospital discharge. The researchers also took samples of participants' blood at the five month visit to analyze it for the presence of various inflammatory proteins.

A total of 2320 participants discharged from hospital between March 7, 2020, and April 18, 2021, were assessed at 5 months after discharge and 807 (33%) participants completed both the 5-month and 1-year visits at the time of analysis (and the study is ongoing). These 807 patients had a mean age of 59 years, 279 (36%) were women and 28% received invasive mechanical ventilation. The proportion of patients reporting full recovery was similar between 5 months (501 [26%] of 1965) and 1 year (232 [29%] of 804).

In an earlier publication from this study* the authors had identified four groups or 'clusters' of symptom severity at five months, which were confirmed by this new study at one year. Of the 2320 participants, 1636 had sufficient data to allocate them to a cluster: 319 (20%) had very severe physical and mental health impairment, 493 (30%) had severe physical and mental health impairment, 179 (11%) moderate physical health impairment with cognitive impairment, and 645 (39%) mild mental and physical health impairment. Having obesity, reduced exercise capacity, a greater number of symptoms, and increased levels of the inflammatory biomarker C-reactive protein were associated with the more severe clusters. In both the very severe and the moderate with cognitive impairment clusters, levels of the inflammatory biomarker interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher when compared with the mild cluster.

Dr. Evans says: "The limited recovery from 5 months to 1 year after hospitalization in our study across symptoms, mental health, exercise capacity, organ impairment, and quality-of-life is striking."

She adds: "We found female sex and obesity were major risk factors for not recovering at 1 year… In our clusters, female sex and obesity were also associated with more severe ongoing health impairments including reduced exercise performance and health-related quality of life at 1 year, potentially highlighting a group that might need higher intensity interventions such as supervised rehabilitation."

On lack of existing treatments for long COVID, Professor Wain says: "No specific therapeutics exist for long COVID and our data highlight that effective interventions are urgently required. Our findings of persistent systemic inflammation, particularly in those in the very severe and moderate with cognitive impairment clusters, suggest that these groups might respond to anti-inflammatory strategies. The concordance of the severity of physical and mental health impairment in long COVID highlights the need not only for close integration between physical and mental health care for patients with long COVID, including assessment and interventions, but also for knowledge transfer between health-care professionals to improve patient care. The finding also suggests the need for complex interventions that target both physical and mental health impairments to alleviate symptoms. However, specific therapeutic approaches to manage post-traumatic stress disorder might also be needed."

Professor Brightling concludes: "Our study highlights an urgent need for health-care services to support this large and rapidly increasing patient population in whom a substantial burden of symptoms exist, including reduced exercise capacity and substantially decreased health-related quality of life 1 year after hospital discharge. Without effective treatments, long COVID could become a highly prevalent new long-term condition. Our study also provides a rationale for investigating treatments for long COVID with a precision-medicine approach to target treatments to the individual patient's profile to restore their health-related quality of life."
 

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COVID shots still work but researchers hunt new improvements
by Lauran Neergaard
April 24, 2022

COVID-19 vaccinations are at a critical juncture as companies test whether new approaches like combination shots or nasal drops can keep up with a mutating coronavirus—even though it's not clear if changes are needed.

Already there's public confusion about who should get a second booster now and who can wait. There's also debate about whether pretty much everyone might need an extra dose in the fall.

"I'm very concerned about booster fatigue" causing a loss of confidence in vaccines that still offer very strong protection against COVID-19's worst outcomes, said Dr. Beth Bell of the University of Washington, an adviser to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Despite success in preventing serious illness and death, there's growing pressure to develop vaccines better at fending off milder infections, too—as well as options to counter scary variants.

"We go through a fire drill it seems like every quarter, every three months or so" when another mutant causes frantic tests to determine if the shots are holding, Pfizer vaccine chief Kathrin Jansen told a recent meeting of the New York Academy of Sciences.

Yet seeking improvements for the next round of vaccinations may seem like a luxury for U.S. families anxious to protect their littlest children—kids under 5 who are not yet eligible for a shot. Moderna's Dr. Jacqueline Miller told The Associated Press that its application to give two low-dose shots to the youngest children would be submitted to the Food and Drug Administration "fairly soon." Pfizer hasn't yet reported data on a third dose of its extra-small shot for tots, after two didn't prove strong enough.

COMBINATION SHOTS MAY BE NEXT

The original COVID-19 vaccines remain strongly protective against serious illness, hospitalization and death, especially after a booster dose, even against the most contagious variants.

Updating the vaccine recipe to match the latest variants is risky, because the next mutant could be completely unrelated. So companies are taking a cue from the flu vaccine, which offers protection against three or four different strains in one shot every year.

Moderna and Pfizer are testing 2-in-1 COVID-19 protection that they hope to offer this fall. Each "bivalent" shot would mix the original, proven vaccine with an omicron-targeted version.

Moderna has a hint the approach could work. It tested a combo shot that targeted the original version of the virus and an earlier variant named beta—and found vaccine recipients developed modest levels of antibodies capable of fighting not just beta but also newer mutants like omicron. Moderna now is testing its omicron-targeted bivalent candidate.

But there's a looming deadline. FDA's Dr. Doran Fink said if any updated shots are to be given in the fall, the agency would have to decide on a recipe change by early summer.

DON'T EXPECT BOOSTERS EVERY FEW MONTHS

For the average person, two doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine plus one booster—a total of three shots—"gets you set up" and ready for what may become an annual booster, said Dr. David Kimberlin, a CDC adviser from the University of Alabama at Birmingham.

After that first booster, CDC data suggests an additional dose offers most people an incremental, temporary benefit.

Why the emphasis on three shots? Vaccination triggers development of antibodies that can fend off coronavirus infection but naturally wane over time. The next line of defense: Memory cells that jump into action to make new virus-fighters if an infection sneaks in. Rockefeller University researchers found those memory cells become more potent and able to target more diverse versions of the virus after the third shot.

Even if someone who's vaccinated gets a mild infection, thanks to those memory cells "there's still plenty of time to protect you against severe illness," said Dr. Paul Offit of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.

But some people—those with severely weakened immune systems—need more doses up-front for a better chance at protection.

And Americans 50 and older are being offered a second booster, following similar decisions by Israel and other countries that offer the extra shot to give older people a little more protection.

The CDC is developing advice to help those eligible decide whether to get an extra shot now or wait. Among those who might want a second booster sooner are the elderly, people with health problems that make them particularly vulnerable, or who are at high risk of exposure from work or travel.

COULD NASAL VACCINES BLOCK INFECTION?

It's hard for a shot in the arm to form lots of virus-fighting antibodies inside the nose where the coronavirus latches on. But a nasal vaccine might offer a new strategy to prevent infections that disrupt people's everyday lives even if they're mild.

"When I think about what would make me get a second booster, I actually would want to prevent infection," said Dr. Grace Lee of Stanford University, who chairs CDC's immunization advisory committee. "I think we need to do better."

Nasal vaccines are tricky to develop and it's not clear how quickly any could become available. But several are in clinical trials globally. One in late-stage testing, manufactured by India's Bharat Biotech, uses a chimpanzee cold virus to deliver a harmless copy of the coronavirus spike protein to the lining of the nose.

"I certainly do not want to abandon the success we have had" with COVID-19 shots, said Dr. Michael Diamond of Washington University in St. Louis, who helped create the candidate that's now licensed to Bharat.

But "we're going to have a difficult time stopping transmission with the current systemic vaccines," Diamond added. "We have all learned that."
 

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Israel lifts indoor mask mandate as coronavirus cases drop
April 24, 2022

Israel has lifted an indoor mask mandate in place for nearly a year as the country’s new cases of coronavirus continue to drop. The end of the masking requirement took effect Saturday night, April 23, 2022. Masks remain mandatory in hospitals, elderly care facilities and on international flights.Credit: AP Photo/Ariel Schalit, File
Israel has lifted an indoor mask mandate in place for nearly a year as the country's new cases of coronavirus continue to drop.

The end of the masking requirement took effect Saturday night. Masks remain mandatory in hospitals, elderly care facilities and on international flights.

Israel has seen new cases of COVID-19 drop since the peak of the latest wave of infections in January. Serious cases of coronavirus have plummeted from a high of over 1,200 during the omicron variant outbreak to around 200.

Since the start of the pandemic two years ago, Israel has recorded over 4 million cases of coronavirus and at least 10,658 deaths—over one-fifth of them since January, according to the Health Ministry.

Over 72% of the country's 9.4 million people have at least one dose of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine, and nearly half have received three shots.

Israel closed its borders in November after the emergence of the novel omicron variant of the virus, but in the months since has reopened the country to foreign visitors and lifted almost all coronavirus restrictions.
 

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Cook Islands records first COVID death
April 24, 2022

The tiny South Pacific nation of the Cook Islands reported its first coronavirus-related death Sunday, more than two years after the pandemic erupted.

A 63-year-old woman, who had underlying health conditions, died on her way to hospital on the island of Aitutaki late Saturday.

"It is with great sadness that I announce that we have just recorded our first in-country death attributed to COVID-19," Prime Minister Mark Brown said in a statement Sunday.

"She had had all three anti-COVID vaccinations, but also had several serious underlying health conditions."

The island nation had been remarkably free from COVID-19 until an outbreak of the Omicron variant emerged after it reopened its border to travellers from New Zealand early this year.

"It is tragic, but not unexpected that we might lose someone to COVID," Brown said.

The Cook Islands Health Ministry said it has so far recorded 4,727 cases of COVID-19 of which 735 were active as of Sunday morning.
 

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China COVID death toll rises as Beijing warns of 'grim' situation
April 24, 2022

Shanghai reported 39 COVID deaths Sunday, its highest daily toll despite weeks of lockdowns, while China's capital Beijing warned of a "grim" situation with rising infections.

The world's second-largest economy has been struggling to stamp out its worst outbreak in two years with a playbook of harsh lockdowns and mass testing as it sticks to a strict zero-COVID policy, taking a heavy toll on businesses and public morale.

The cosmopolitan business hub of Shanghai has been almost entirely locked down since the start of the month, snarling supply chains, with many residents confined to their homes for even longer as it became the epicentre of the outbreak.

China's biggest city only announced its first fatalities from the outbreak on April 18, despite reporting thousands of cases each day in recent weeks.

It reported 39 more deaths on Sunday, National Health Commission data showed, bringing its total toll to 87, while the country logged nearly 22,000 new local virus cases.

Shanghai's previous highest daily toll since lockdown was 12, reported a day earlier.

The city of 25 million has struggled to provide fresh food to those confined at home, while patients have reported trouble accessing regular medical care as thousands of health staff were deployed for COVID testing and treatment.

Health officials have warned of the particular risks of COVID to the country's older and largely unvaccinated population, saying the average age among fatalities in Shanghai's outbreak was 81.

Five of those who died had been vaccinated, though authorities have said the deaths involved people who had severe underlying diseases and who were in critical condition.

Doubts have been raised over the efficacy of China's homegrown vaccines, and Beijing has not imported any foreign-made jabs.

Online backlash

Censors have battled to scrub an online backlash against the prolonged lockdown in Shanghai, including the rapid censorship of a viral video by residents outlining their daily challenges to eat and access essential services.

On Saturday evening, a residential building fire sparked fear and criticism on social media, given that many exits in compounds have generally been sealed as part of COVID controls.

Meanwhile 22 more infections were reported in Beijing on Sunday, with the capital locking down one downtown housing compound as officials warned the situation was "grim and complex".

Health official Pang Xinghuo said preliminary observations suggested COVID had been "spreading invisibly" in the city for a week, "increasing the difficulty of prevention and control".

Nearly a quarter of Beijing's active cases are people over 60, and half of the infected seniors have not received COVID vaccines, Pang said.

The populous eastern district of Chaoyang said it would expand COVID testing, adding that it had indefinitely banned extracurricular in-person classes or sports activities.

Many of the capital's fitness studios and gyms had already cancelled classes or closed.

Beijing has also imposed tight controls on entry to the city, with travellers required to have a negative COVID test from within 48 hours.

People who have travelled to cities or counties where just a single COVID case has been reported in the past two weeks are barred entry.
 

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Lack of glove changes at COVID-19 testing centers led to major cross-contamination of samples
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 24, 2022

Lack of glove changes at COVID-19 testing centers in Belgium led to major cross-contamination of samples and a high rate of false positive results, research being presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal, (23-26 April) has found.

The introduction of large-scale PCR testing for COVID-19 presented a number of logistical challenges, including a scarcity of personnel adequately trained to do nasopharyngeal swabbing.

Research from a government-funded lab in Belgium has identified inadequate PPE management in testing centers as a source of major cross-contamination.

Scientists at the COVID-19 Federal Platform, Department of Laboratory Medicine UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium were alerted to the problem in September 2021 when they noticed that 70% of samples taken that day at a testing center in Flemish Brabant, Flanders, had tested positive for COVID-19. The average positivity rate at the time was around 5-10%.

90% of the positive samples had a very low viral load, which hinted that they had been contaminated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, rather than being true positives.

The patients' results were immediately withheld and a root-cause analysis (an investigation into the cause of the spike in positive samples) carried out.

Lead researcher Bram Slechten says: "After excluding lab contamination we arranged the results from that day in chronological order by time of sample collection.

"We saw that no one had tested negative after a sample was collected from a patient with a very high viral load and immediately contacted the test center.

"This led to lack of glove-changing, in combination with high-paced sample collection by a new swabber and the breaking of a swab in the tube, being identified as the likely source of the contamination.

"Protocols at this test center were sharpened overnight and all the patients whose results were withheld were recalled for a new sample the next day. 100% of them were negative."

To assess the scale of the problem, Mr Slechten and colleagues then retrospectively checked four months of results (June-Sept 2021) of PCR tests from 11 testing centers for false positives.

A suspected series of contaminated samples was defined as a minimum of three weak positive samples (low viral load, <104 copies RNA/mL) after one positive sample with a high viral load (>106 copies RNA/mL).

They also visited the sites to assess the personnel.

The analysis identified potential cross-contamination events in 73% (8/11) of the test centers. The percentage of samples suspected of being wrongly reported as positive widely varied per day and per center. The four-month average ranged from 0% to 3.4% per testing center.

The highest number of false positives at one testing center on a single day was 77 (out of 382 tests) − 20% of people tested that day. (All of these patients were given the opportunity to retest.)

Site visits identified lack of glove changes between patients are being the source of cross-contamination.

"If the staff didn't change gloves between each patient, it was almost certain that contamination would occur," says Mr Slechten. "We identified four reasons why changing of gloves didn't happen: it was simply not in the protocol; correct protocol was in place but it was not followed due to lack of training of new members of staff; not having the right size of glove available; work pressure, some swabbers had to sample one patient every two minutes."

More rigorous PPE policies were put in place at all 11 testing centers from the end of October 2021, in response to the study's results.

This included managers being tasked with telling every staff member who swabbed patients about the importance of glove changing and test centers being contacted if there was a spike in their false positive rate.

Follow-up of one test center revealed the impact. Before the intervention, it had a daily positivity rate of 11% and an average false positivity rate of 3.4%. But occasionally, the false positive rate rose to 20%. After the intervention, the false positive rate fell to almost zero.

The team at UZ-Leuven is continuing to monitor rates of false positives, to detect any isolated cross-contamination events.

In addition, Sciensano (the Belgian scientific institute for public health) alerted all labs in Belgium to the issue in October 2021.

The researchers say that most of cases of cross-contamination were detected in time to withhold the results and recall the patients, meaning the erroneous results weren't given out. Some cases, however, went undetected, meaning that on some days, a lot of patients received a wrong result.

Mr Slechten says: "Nasopharyngeal sampling involves close contact between the hand of the health professional, the patient and sample tube. Therefore, it is essential to change gloves between each patient.

"In the context of high-throughput sampling, insufficiently trained staff had to sample high numbers of patients in a limited time. This situation led to a high level of cross-contamination which had gone largely unrecognized, resulting in false positives and people self-isolating and taking time off work unnecessarily.

"Furthermore, each false positive generates high-risk contacts who may also need to be tested, increasing the burden for labs, testing centers and contact tracing."

He believes the false positives artificially inflated the COVID-19 case numbers for Belgium. He says: "It is hard to put a number on, however, because we saw a lot of differences between the test centers we studied. In addition, we only looked at test centers in one part of Belgium, making it hard to get the whole picture.

"It is very probable that this also occurred in other countries.

"While I don't have detailed knowledge of the protocols in testing centers in other countries, the focus is generally on potential events within the lab environment. However, our research provides a perfect example of the importance of looking beyond the lab and keeping an eye on the entire testing chain."
 

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Mix-and-match approach to COVID-19 booster vaccination offers the best
protection: study
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 24, 2022


A new study on Chile's national COVID-19 vaccination program, to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID 2022, Lisbon 23-26), and published in The Lancet Global Health, shows that giving a different type of vaccine (heterologous) for the third or 'booster' dose than was received for the first two doses, leads to better vaccine performance than using the same (homologous) inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for all three doses.

The study is by Dr. Rafael Araos, Institute of Science and Innovation in Medicine, Clinica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Dr. Alejandro Jara, and Dr. Eduardo A Undurraga from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, and colleagues including Dr. Johanna Acevedo from the Chilean Ministry of Health.

The study assesses the effectiveness of CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech), AZD1222 (Oxford-AstraZeneca), or BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccine boosters in individuals who had completed a primary two-dose immunization schedule with CoronaVac, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which accounts for about half the COVID-19 vaccine doses delivered globally, compared with no vaccination. The study assessed the nationwide vaccination program in Chile, where the two-dose Coronavac schedule was by far the most commonly given.

Individuals administered vaccines from Feb 2, 2021 to the prespecified trial end date of Nov 10, 2021 were evaluated; the team excluded individuals with a probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (RT-PCR or antigen test) on or before Feb 2, 2021, and individuals who had received at least one dose of any COVID-19 vaccine before Feb 2, 2021. They estimated the vaccine effectiveness of booster doses against laboratory-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 (symptomatic COVID-19) cases and COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit [ICU], and death).

A total of 11 174 257 individuals were eligible for this study, among whom 4 127 546 completed a primary immunization schedule (two doses) with CoronaVac and received a booster dose during the study period. 1 921 340 (46·5%) participants received a heterologous AZD1222 booster, 2 019 260 (48·9%) received a heterologous BNT162b2 booster, and 186 946 (4·5%) received a homologous booster with CoronaVac.

The authors calculated an adjusted vaccine effectiveness (using statistical modeling) in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 of 79% for a two-dose schedule plus CoronaVac booster, 97% for a BNT162b2 booster, and 93% for an AZD1222 booster. The adjusted vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related hospitalization, ICU admission, and death was 86%, 92%, and 87% for a CoronaVac booster, 96%, 96%, and 97% for a Pfizer-BioNTech booster, and 98%, 99% and 98% for an Astra Zeneca booster.

The authors explain that booster programs were initiated in various countries due to emerging evidence of waning immunity from two dose schedules. Boosters are also important because evidence suggests that inactivated vaccines like Coronavac offer lower protection than the new mRNA technology vaccines from Pfizer -BioNTech and Moderna. Delta was the predominant circulating variant in Chile during the study period.

They conclude: "Our results suggest that a third dose of Coronavac or using a different booster vaccine such as Pfrizer-BioNTech or Astra Zeneca vaccines in those that had previously had two doses of Coronavac provides a high level of protection against COVID-19, including severe disease and death…However, receiving a different vaccine for the booster dose results in higher vaccine effectiveness than a third dose of Coronavac for all outcomes, providing additional support for a mix-and-match approach."

The authors further explain that this is one of the first studies to examine the effectiveness of booster shots for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A recent study in Brazil showed that homologous and heterologous booster vaccines (BNT162b2 and AZD1222) following a CoronoVac primary vaccination schedule were safe and immunogenic. Similarly, a phase 1-2 study in the U.S. with mRNA-1273, Ad26.COV2.S, and BNT162b2 boosters found that heterologous boosters where on average more immunogenic than homologous boosters.

The UK's Cov-Boost study (a phase 2 trial) showed that various vaccines are safe and immunogenic when given as boosters following a primary two-dose schedule of AZD1222 and BNT162b2, with the highest antibody levels achieved by mRNA boosters.

And prior studies have examined the immunogenicity of a heterologous two-dose regimen of ChAdOx1 followed by an mRNA vaccine, and found mix-and-match strategies were more immunogenic and offered more protection against COVID-19 than two-dose homologous strategies for that vaccine combination.

In Chile, the government has now advised that heterologous boosters should be use as the first option; however, people can and have received a homologous booster as an alternative.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Pregnant women with COVID-19 face greater risk of hospitalization and ICU admission, strengthening case for vaccination
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 25, 2022

New research to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal (23-26 April), suggests that pregnant women are at markedly greater risk of severe illness if they contract COVID-19 than non-pregnant women of child-bearing age. The findings are independent of key risk factors including age, underlying illnesses, vaccination status, and infecting variant.

Importantly, the findings also indicate that women were half as likely to be hospitalized after just one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, and even less likely with two or more doses. Similarly, women were more than half as likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) when they had one dose of the vaccine, and even less likely with two or more doses.

The time-matched cohort study by Kiera Murison and colleagues from the University of Toronto, which included information on more than 13,600 women from Ontario's Case and Contact Management database, is unique because each pregnant woman affected by COVID-19 was compared to five non-pregnant women of reproductive age with COVID-19, matched by test date of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection.

The researchers say that the findings emphasize the importance of pregnant women getting vaccinated against COVID-19.

Pregnancy is associated with increased vulnerability to severe outcomes from infectious diseases, both for the mother and developing infant. The COVID-19 pandemic may have important health consequences for pregnant women, who may also be more reluctant than non-pregnant people to accept vaccination.

To estimate the degree to which increased severity of COVID-19 outcomes can be attributed to pregnancy, researchers analyzed data from a population-based SARS-CoV-2 case file from Ontario between 16 March, 2020 and 4 January, 2022, which holds records for over 1 million confirmed COVID-19 cases within the Canadian province of Ontario (population over 14 million).

Because the likelihood of vaccination and the dominant circulating viral strains changed over time, researchers conducted a time-matched cohort study evaluating the relative risk of severe illness in pregnant women with COVID-19 matched to COVID-19 infected women of childbearing age (10 to 49 years old) by date of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2.

Modeling was used to estimate the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes (hospitalization and ICU admission) in pregnant women and non-pregnant controls after adjusting for age, other illnesses, healthcare worker status, vaccination, and infecting variant. Fortunately, there were less than five maternal COVID-19 deaths during the study, so the risk of dying during pregnancy could not be evaluated.

The analyses found that although pregnant women were only half as likely to have a SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to the general population (probably due to being more careful, social distancing and other measures), they were almost five times as likely to be admitted to hospital with COVID-19 compared to their non-pregnant peers, and were more than six times as likely to require treatment in intensive care (see figure and table in the notes to editors).

Further analyses comparing women with similar comorbidities, found that healthy pregnant women were more than five times as likely to be hospitalized as healthy non-pregnant women; while pregnant women with underlying illnesses were only twice as likely to be hospitalized as their non-pregnant peers with comorbidities.

"These findings suggest that in otherwise healthy women, pregnancy itself seems to be a factor that increases illness severity, while among women with comorbidities it becomes one of several factors that augment risk", says Murison. "Our findings underscore the need for clear accurate information to reassure pregnant women and tackle concerns about COVID-19 vaccine safety."

This is an observational study, and as such can't establish cause. And the researchers acknowledge that they were unable to explore the relative virulence of the recent Omicron variant in pregnancy, or to rule out the possibility that other unmeasured factors, such as the presence of underlying medical conditions, may have affected the results.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Even partially vaccinated individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 may be at lower risk of ICU admission, death
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 25, 2022

Even when COVID-19 vaccines fail to prevent hospitalization, they appear to significantly lower the risk of being admitted to intensive care and dying compared to patients who are unvaccinated, according to a time-matched cohort study of over 20,000 adults hospitalized in Ontario between January 2021 and January 2022, being presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal (23-26 April). The study is by Alicia Grima and Kiera Murison from the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada and colleagues.

"The good news from this study is that, even when hospitalized with COVID-19, both partial and complete vaccination, reduced the risk of requiring treatment in intensive care and death", says Murison.

The rapid development of safe and effective vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus has drastically reduced the burden of COVID-19-related hospitalization and deaths. However, the risk of breakthrough cases of severe COVID-19 after vaccination remains, particularly among groups at higher risk of severe disease.

Researchers set out to determine whether risks of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death were diminished by vaccination, even in individuals for whom vaccination failed to prevent hospitalization. Using data from Canada's Case and Contact Management database and Ontario's vaccination and reporting database (COVaxON), they conducted a time-matched cohort of 20,064 adults (3,353 vaccinated and 16,711 unvaccinated) hospitalized with COVID-19 between January 1, 2021 and January 5, 2022. The study was restricted to adults with a first COVID-19 infection. The majority of participants (69%) were aged 50 or older, and most were men (54%).

Because the dominant variant and public health response changed over time, each vaccinated individual was matched with up to five unvaccinated individuals based on test date of positive SARS-CoV-2 infection. Modeling was used to assess the risk of ICU admission (adjusted for age group, sex, healthcare worker, long-term care, underlying illness, and infecting variant) and death (adjusted for age group, sex, long-term care, comorbidity, and infecting variant). Further unmatched analyses were performed to identify differences in vaccine effects.

The researchers found that vaccination with one, two, or three doses significantly reduced the risk of ICU admission and death. And an inverse dose-response relationship was observed between vaccine doses, with each additional dose reducing the likelihood of ICU admission by 34%, and the odds of dying by 22%. No significant differences in risk were seen regardless of the infecting variant.

"Even with the diminished efficacy of vaccines against infection with novel variants of concerns, our findings indicate that vaccines remain a vital tool for reducing ICU admission and death from COVID-19", says Grima.

This is an observational study, so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, and due to the relatively recent emergence of the Omicron variant, as well as lags, the results lacked statistical power to estimate Omicron-specific protections. Also, the authors were unable to ensure that the effects observed are not at least in part due to residual confounding Finally, they cannot rule out the possibility that other unmeasured factors, such as previous natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the unvaccinated cohort, may have affected the results.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
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US study suggests COVID-19 pandemic may be accelerating antimicrobial resistance
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 25, 2022

Among those hospitalized during the pandemic, both COVID-19 patients and those tested for SARS-COV-2 but negative, had higher rates of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections compared to patients hospitalized before the pandemic, according to a study evaluating the pandemic's impact on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in 271 hospitals across the U.S., to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal (23-26 April).

The study, by Dr. Karri Bauer of the pharmaceutical company MSD, a trade name of Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, U.S. and Dr. Vikas Gupta, of the medical technology company Becton Dickinson (BD) and colleagues, also found that drug resistant infections were significantly higher in hospital-onset cases during the pandemic.

An estimated 1.2 million people worldwide died in 2019 from antibiotic-resistant infections, and this number is predicted to increase ten-fold by 2050. The COVID-19 pandemic presents many challenges for appropriate antibiotic use and stewardship, and there have been studies reporting that the pandemic was associated with AMR secondary infections, possibly due to the increase in the use of antibiotics to treat COVID-19 patients and disruptions to infection prevention and control practices in overwhelmed health systems. While conclusive evidence is lacking, these signals underscore the importance of continued monitoring of the impact of COVID-19 on AMR rates.

To provide more evidence, researchers conducted a multicenter, retrospective cohort analysis of all adults (aged 18 years or older) admitted to 271 hospitals across the U.S. before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, who had spent at least one day in hospital and had a record of discharge or death.

Patients were categorized according to when they were admitted: before the pandemic (from July 1, 2019 to February 29, 2020), or during the pandemic (from March 1, 2020 to October 30, 2021), and based on their COVID-19 status (with a positive SARS-CoV-2 result defined by positive PCR or antigen test within 7 days prior to admission or during hospitalization). All admissions with at least one AMR infection (defined as a first positive culture for select gram-negative or gram-positive pathogens resistant to antibiotics) were recorded.

Researchers assessed AMR rates per 100 admissions before and during the COVID pandemic, and examined whether drug-resistant infections were acquired in the community-onset setting (defined as a culture collected less than 2 days after admission) or in the hospital-onset setting (more than 2 days after admission).

In total, 1,789,458 patients were admitted to the hospital in the pre-pandemic period and 3,729,208 during the pandemic. The number of patients admitted to the hospital with at least one AMR infection was 63,263 in the pre-pandemic period and 129, 410 during the pandemic.

The analyses found that the AMR rate was 3.54 per 100 admissions before the pandemic and 3.47 per 100 admissions during the pandemic. However, patients who tested positive or negative for COVID-19 had higher levels of AMR than patients before the pandemic—4.92 per 100 admissions and 4.11 per 100 admissions, respectively (see table in notes to editors).

For hospital-associated infections, the AMR rate was 0.77 per 100 admissions before the pandemic and 0.86 per 100 admissions during the pandemic, and highest at 2.19 per 100 admissions in patients with COVID-19. When looking at community-onset infections, the AMR rate was 2.76 per 100 admissions in the pre-pandemic period, and 2.61 per 100 admissions during the pandemic.

"These new data highlight the importance of closely monitoring the impact of COVID-19 on antimicrobial resistance rates," says Dr. Bauer. "It is particularly worrying that antibiotic resistance has been rising during the pandemic in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients. Hospital-acquired infections are a major concern, with antimicrobial resistance rates significantly higher during the pandemic than before."

Despite these important and timely findings, the authors note that additional evaluation of the pandemic's impact on antimicrobial resistance is needed. "As healthcare capacity remains at the forefront of everyone's mind, it will be critically important to keep a pulse on the growing impact of drug-resistant infections," said Gupta. "This type of data and surveillance will help healthcare leaders identify needed resources to support antimicrobial stewardship programs—and also support more detailed and sophisticated forecasting of future trends and outbreaks."

This study is limited to US hospitals and evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 on AMR outside the US is warranted.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Most women who catch COVID-19 when pregnant pass antibodies to their unborn babies
(fair use applies)

Most women who catch COVID-19 when pregnant pass antibodies to their unborn babies
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 25, 2022

New research presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal, (23-26 April) found that most women who catch COVID-19 when pregnant pass antibodies to their unborn babies.

Antibodies to infections are known to be transferred from mother to baby during the last three months of pregnancy, providing the baby with some protection against that particular illness when they are born.

Little is known, however, about how well COVID antibodies are transferred from mother to child, either in vaccinated or unvaccinated populations.

This study focuses on pregnant women who caught COVID before vaccines were widely rolled out.

Dr. Liliana Gabrielli and colleagues at the IRCCS St. Orsola Polyclinic, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, studied more than 4,000 women who gave birth in Bologna between July 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021.

The women underwent PCR tests to check for current COVID infection. They also gave blood samples which were tested for antibodies, which provide evidence of past infection.

All of the newborns were given PCR tests to check for COVID. Newborns whose mothers tested positive for antibodies were also tested for antibodies.

136 of the women (3.4%) had antibodies to COVID in their blood. 26% of these women had both IgG (older infection) and IgM (more recent/current infection) antibodies. 74% of the women had IgG antibodies but were IgM negative.

Blood samples were available from 73 babies born to mothers with antibodies to COVID.

None of the 73 babies had IgM antibodies. This was expected because IgM does not cross the placenta.

11/73 babies (15%) were IgG and IgM negative. The other 62 (85%) were IgG positive.

All 73 babies had negative PCRs when tested shortly after birth, indicating they didn't have COVID and that the antibodies had been passed to them by their mother, rather than being made by themselves.

While antibody transfer was high, levels in the newborns were slightly lower than in their mothers.

Dr. Gabrielli says: "This study of pregnant women and their newborns, which was carried out in the pre-vaccination era, found that 3.4% of the women had COVID-19 during pregnancy.

"Most of these women passed antibodies to their babies. However, the protection provided by these antibodies will gradually decrease over time and disappear within a 100 days of birth in most cases.

"Other studies are looking at how well antibodies produced by vaccination pass from mother to child."
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Study in patients hospitalized with COVID underscores need for improvement in therapeutic approaches for critically ill
by European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
April 25, 2022

Patients hospitalized with COVID-19 are experiencing shorter lengths of stay in hospital and the portion needing intensive care has declined since the early days of the pandemic. However, overall mortality rates have remained unchanged and the all-cause mortality rate has increased in those who are critically ill and in need of invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO, according to a large nationwide study of 853,219 COVID-19 patients (aged 18 years or older) hospitalized between May 2020 and December 2021.

The study is by Dr. Linda Chen, Mark Thrun, Essy Mozaffari, Paul Hodgkins, Rikisha Gupta, and Richard Haubrich from the biopharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences—the antiviral drug remdesivir's manufacturer.

The new research, to be presented at this year's European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (ECCMID) in Lisbon, Portugal (23-26 April), analyzed records from 879 hospitals in 48 states using the Premier Healthcare Database to examine treatment patterns and outcomes. Patients who were pregnant or had incomplete data were excluded.

Patients were middle-aged (average age 63 years), the majority were men (53%) and white (69%), and most had underlying chronic conditions—the most common being high blood pressure (67%), obesity (34%), diabetes (28%), chronic pulmonary disease (24%), and kidney disease (21%).

Over time, the use of combination of COVID-19 treatments increased (figure 2 in notes to editors). For example, the combination of the antiviral drug remdesivir and the corticosteroid dexamethasone was used in less than 1% of patients in May 2020, and increased to 31% in December 2021.

The analyses found that during this period, overall all-cause mortality rates remained stable at 16%, while the average (median) hospital stay in patients fell from 7 to 6 days, and ICU stay remained unchanged at 5 days. Overall, use of the ICU in these COVID-19 patients declined from 34% in May 2020 to 27% in December 2021.

However, for patients on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO, ICU use remained consistently high at 90%, and the all-cause mortality rate increased from 48% to 59%.

According to co-author Professor David Wohl from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, "Our findings underscore the continued need for more effective therapeutics for critically ill COVID-19 patients, as well as for more treatment options that increase the chance of recovery for people who are extremely sick so they can leave the hospital sooner. More research is needed to examine trends in specific subgroups of COVID-19 patients, such as older people, the immunocompromised and those with chronic diseases who increasingly are at the greatest risk for becoming critically ill from COVID-19."

The authors point out that this is an observational study, and as such can't establish cause, and acknowledge that these data did not cover sufficient dates to explore outcomes for the recently emergent Omicron variant.
 

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Severe Infections 5 Times More Likely Among Sinovac Than Pfizer COVID-19 Vaccine Recipients: Study
By Cindy Liu
April 24, 2022

The China-made Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine is the least effective in preventing infection or severe symptoms among COVID-19 patients compared to the Sinopharm, Moderna, and Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccines, according to a recently published study from Singapore.

“We observed a lower relative effectiveness of two inactivated whole virus vaccines (Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm) against COVID-19 infection compared with two mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty and Moderna),” reported the researchers in a study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases on April 12.

Researchers said their findings imply Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm are 54 percent and 84 percent effective against severe cases respectively, “assuming the vaccine effectiveness against severe disease for Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty of 90 percent as suggested by systematic reviews.”

Meanwhile, the study suggests that the Moderna vaccine is 96 percent effective in preventing severe symptoms among COVID-19 patients.

The researchers looked into infections and severe cases among a cohort of over 2.7 million people aged 20 and above, from 14 to 120 days after they had been vaccinated with two doses. Seventy-four percent of the cohort was vaccinated
with the Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccine, 23 percent received the Moderna vaccine, while only 2 percent and 1 percent received the Sinovac-CoronaVac and Sinopharm vaccine respectively.

The study was conducted based on observations between Oct. 1 and Nov. 21, 2021, when daily cases in Singapore reached a peak, driven by the spread of the Delta variant. Ninety-six percent of the eligible population had received at least two doses of any vaccine by the end of last year.

The researchers found that people vaccinated with the Sinovac-CoronaVac were 2.37 times more likely to be infected by the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) virus, also known as the novel coronavirus, and 4.59 times more likely to develop severe symptoms compared to people who received the Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccine.

“Singapore study that showed five times the risk of severe COVID with Sinovac vs Pfizer. Thankfully only 2% vaccinated with Sinovac,” commented David Lye in a Twitter post on April 13. Lye, a coauthor of the study, is the director of the infectious disease research and training office at the National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID).

Sinopharm, another China-made inactivated whole virus vaccine, was also found to be less effective than the mRNA vaccines. Infection and severe disease were 1.62 times and 1.58 times more likely among Sinopharm recipients.

“Sinopharm demonstrated a higher relative effectiveness against COVID-19 infection than Sinovac-CoronaVac in our study, although lower than the mRNA vaccines,” the researchers wrote.

“To date, there has not been any study directly comparing these two inactivated virus vaccines,” they added.

However, the researchers noted that previous studies have found the Sinopharm vaccine to be less effective in inducing antibody and T-cell response, including a published Hungarian study of 57 adult healthy volunteers who received either the Sinopharm or the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.
The Moderna vaccine was found to be more effective than the Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccine in Singapore. People who received the Moderna vaccine were 0.84 times less likely to be infected by the CCP virus, and 0.42 times less likely to develop severe symptoms.

“Our findings suggest that the Moderna vaccine is more effective than Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty against severe disease, which is supported by other studies,” the researchers for the Singapore study wrote.

“In a report by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 hospitalization was slightly higher after two doses of Moderna than Pfizer-BioNTech, likely attributed to higher mRNA content in the Moderna vaccine and longer time interval between doses,” said the authors.

The researchers acknowledged several limitations to the study, including the assumption that all four vaccines did not experience differential waning of immunity. “Restriction to individuals who completed their second dose within 120 days was done to mitigate any potential impact,” said the authors.

The authors also noted potential confounding factors such as the individuals’ comorbidities, their health behaviors, and factors that influence their choice of vaccine in the first place.

Singapore started to vaccinate its population against the CCP virus on Dec. 30, 2020 with the Pfizer-BioNTech/Comirnaty vaccine. It subsequently approved the Moderna and the Sinovac-CoronaVac vaccine on Feb. 3 and Oct. 23 last year, while the Sinopharm vaccine was available through a special access route at private health care institutions from Aug. 30, 2021.

However, recipients of the Sinovac-CoronaVac and the Sinopharm vaccine are only considered to be fully vaccinated after they have received a third dose since the beginning of this year. They were also recommended to receive an mRNA vaccine for the booster dose.

The most recent figures suggest 93 percent of the total population in Singapore have received at least one dose of a COVID-19 vaccine, and 73 percent have received booster shots.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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is new england covid hospitalization data being retroactively adjusted down?
because the data reported by NYT has sure changed a lot in the last week.
el gato malo
14 hr ago

about a week ago i published this piece showing a rise in northeast covid hospitalizations among the highly boosted/vaccinated.

bad cattitude
a funny thing happened on the way to herd immunity
i took a quick spin through some northeast data. what’s going on there looks odd. firstly, there is a significant and out of season rise in covid hospitalizations. but what’s odder is what’s driving…
Read more
4 days ago · 527 likes · 287 comments · el gato malo


i was going back to look at some of these series to see what had happened since, and noticed something interesting:

the trends were all up, but the numbers were, in many cases down, including numbers from the past. this series can have incomplete data, but that makes the recent numbers read low, not high. i am not seeing any obvious reason that they would drop over time. that’s not generally how a series like this works. they backfill, they do not back drain.

and it looks to me like the hospital counts from past days are being adjusted down materially in many cases.
example:

here was connecticut from april 19th (reporting through the 18th)



and here it is now:



as can be seen, 4/23 was a new high for the 70+ group. but the number itself is only 8.1 which is actually lower than what it read on the 18th when reported on the 19th. the data from the 18th in the new plot has been adjusted down significantly. it had read 8.2. it now reads 6.7, 18% lower.

so where did these hospitalizations go?

this does not appear confined to CT. rhode island sees a similar effect and their sudden surge has been “disappeared.”
on the 19th, the data read like this:



it now reads like this:



this is a profound change in the shape of the 70+ curve and a large drop in scale.

on the 19th, it read 7.0 for 4/18. that date is now reported as 5.1, 27% lower. the current day (4/23) is also reported as 5.1.

the aggressive uptick is no more.

massachusetts saw a smaller drop from 9.5 to 9.2 for 4/18

of further interest, new york is NOT seeing these issues. their count for 4/18 rose from 7.1 to 7.2 which seems pretty typical for backfill. (and now reads 8.5 as counts keep rising)



there has been talk of changing the definition of “hospitalized for covid” and i know that new hampshire did this. (i have not seen definitive reports on the others doing so, but given the data shifts, i suspect they may have)

“In an announcement Tuesday, the Department of Health and Human Services said it had redefined COVID-19 hospitalization to include only patients being treated with remdesivir or dexamethasone, drugs used for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe illness. Those hospitalized with milder symptoms or primarily for another cause are no longer included — even if they continue to take up a hospital bed because they are too ill to be discharged.”

unsurprisingly, it has a big effect on the shape of their curves and stopped the rapid rise in 70+ in its tracks and seems to be reversing it.



but this is clearly a data splice and not a trend change that can be trusted as an apples to apples assessment.

call me my cynical paws (again) but it’s hard not to wonder if this change was put in place to avoid having to report something like this from the next door neighbors? (which is what NH was starting to look like prior to the methodological alteration)

and one can certainly see why they’d like to avoid showing this outcome in a 95%+ vaxxed and highly boosted group.



it looks to me like a lot of this data is going or is about to go wonky in the northeast as they shift the goalposts to prevent comparisons and hide what seems to be an out of season spike in the very highly vaxxed.




this current hotspot is looking awkward for the public health narrative of vaccines saving the day and the same gang that has used definitional skullduggery to inflate counts, profits, and fear will now use them to hide outcomes making it difficult to track what is occurring relative to past outcomes.

somehow, i doubt this is being done in the pursuit of accuracy as opposed to politics…
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
One quick comment and reminder:

I post all the articles I find, especially from the medical news wire. I don't necessarily 'agree' with them, I just post them so they can be aggregated on this thread for people who would rather see them here than hunt them down. If I was able to like or dislike my own posts I'd dislike some of them ;)

HD
 

thompson

Certa Bonum Certamen
:(


FDA approves Remdesivir to treat COVID in young children

By CNN staff
Published: Apr. 25, 2022 at 3:22 PM CDT

(CNN) - There’s a new weapon approved to fight COVID-19 in small children.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration on Monday approved Remdesivir to treat the virus in patients as young as 28 days old.

The antiviral drug is given as an injection.

It was previously approved for patients 12 years of age and older.

The FDA’s action makes it the first drug approved to treat COVID in kids younger than 12.

That’s important because there is still no vaccine for children under 5.

In order to receive Remdesivir, infected kids must either already be hospitalized or deemed at high risk for developing severe COVID.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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Deadly outbreak of children's hepatitis may have been brought on by Covid lockdown weakening immunity, health chiefs say as two more children need liver transplants in UK and dozens are sick
  • Officials said outbreak may be because children in 'formative' years were not exposed to common infections
  • In total, 114 cases of 'acute hepatitis of unknown origin' have been reported in the UK in the last four weeks
  • UK health officials say they have detected as many cases in three months as they would expect to see in a year
  • Majority spotted in under-5s who were initially hit with diarrhoea and nausea before later getting jaundice
  • Experts say lockdowns may have weakened immunity of children and left them more susceptible to the virus
By Joe Davies Health Reporter and Stephen Wynn-davies For Mailonline
Published: 20:22 EDT, 25 April 2022 | Updated: 20:40 EDT, 25 April 2022

A deadly outbreak of children's hepatitis may have been brought on by Covid lockdown weakening immunity, health chiefs have said as they revealed that two more British children need liver transplants and dozens are sick.

UK health officials said the global outbreak in cases may be as a result of pandemic measures which prevented children in their 'formative' years being exposed to common infections.

In total, 114 cases of 'acute hepatitis of unknown origin' have been reported in the UK in the last four weeks, with ten youngsters undergoing critical liver transplant procedures.

The first cases were spotted in Scotland less than a month ago, prompting a warning from UK health officials who say they have detected as many cases in three months as they would expect to see in a year.

The majority of cases have been spotted in under-5s who were initially hit with diarrhoea and nausea before later getting jaundice — the yellowing of the skin/eyes. Other symptoms can include dark urine, grey-coloured faeces, itchy skin, muscle pain, a fever, lethargy, loss of appetite and stomach pains.

Investigations are ongoing but officials believe the illness may be triggered by an adenovirus, a viral infection which is usually to blame for the sniffles, and has been linked to three quarters of all cases.

Experts say lockdowns - which prompted concerns for children's physical and mental health - may have weakened the immunity of children and left them more susceptible to the virus, or the offending pathogen may have mutated to pose a greater threat.

Dr Meera Chand, director of clinical and emerging infections at the UK Health Security Agency, told the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases in Lisbon that younger children were getting infected by the virus as they had not been exposed to it 'during the formative stages that they've gone through during the pandemic'.

The liver disease has been spotted in 12 different countries, including the US, Ireland and Spain, while one child has died so far.

UK officials have ruled out the Covid vaccine as a possible cause, with none of the ill British children vaccinated because of their young age. None of the 11 cases in the US were jabbed either.

57021009-10753079-image-a-68_1650929701849.jpg

The World Health Organization said it has received reports of at least 169 cases of 'acute hepatitis of unknown origin' from 12 countries as of Saturday

57033317-10753079-image-a-69_1650929701870.jpg


Almost 170 cases have been spotted since the first cases were publicly recorded in Scotland at the end of March.
Hepatologists today told MailOnline they believe the official numbers may be just the 'tip of the iceberg' because many parents may brush off the warning signs.

Professor Simon Taylor-Robinson, a hepatologist from Imperial College London, told MailOnline: 'I think there are more cases out there.

'I'd imagine there are more cases than have been reported — but they are likely to be less severe.'

But he added there is no reason to panic because in '99 per cent' of cases the liver is able to regenerate and the chances of needing a transplant or dying because of the condition are low.

Professor Alastair Sutcliffe, a paediatrician from University College London, told MailOnline mounting cases are 'a concerning and depressing situation for families' but parents should not fear. Up to 20 per cent of hepatitis cases have no known cause.

He said: 'What is for families to consider [is] if their child develops jaundice after the first few months of life they need medical attention fast.

'But that is true of any child who develops jaundice after the first few months of life so is not new advice. With one death and no known cause life should continue as before. Nothing is more fearful than fear itself.'

None of the cases have been caused by any of the five typical strains of the virus — hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.

Data gathered has 'increasingly' suggested that the rise in severe cases of hepatitis may be linked to a group of viruses called adenoviruses, the UKHSA said.

Adenovirus was found in 75 per cent of the sickened children who were tested for it. Sixteen per cent had Covid.

The UKHSA's Dr Chand said: 'Information gathered through our investigations increasingly suggests that this rise in sudden onset hepatitis in children is linked to adenovirus infection.

'However, we are thoroughly investigating other potential causes.

'Parents and guardians should be alert to the signs of hepatitis (including jaundice) and to contact a healthcare professional if they are concerned.

'Normal hygiene measures such as thorough handwashing (including supervising children) and good thorough respiratory hygiene, help to reduce the spread of many common infections, including adenovirus.

'Children experiencing symptoms of a gastrointestinal infection including vomiting and diarrhoea should stay at home and not return to school or nursery until 48 hours after the symptoms have stopped.'

The agency also said the number of admissions for the mysterious hepatitis so far in 2022 'is equivalent or greater than the number of admissions annually in previous years'.

Top experts have speculated that Covid lockdowns may partly explain the mysterious spate of hepatitis cases, by weakening children's immunity and leaving them at heightened risk of adenovirus.

Professor Taylor-Robinson told MailOnline: 'I think it is likely that children mixing in kindergartens and schools have lower immunity to seasonal adenoviruses than in previous years because of restrictions.

'This means they could be more at risk of developing hepatitis because their immune response is weaker to the virus.'
The WHO has received reports of at least 169 cases of 'acute hepatitis of unknown origin' from 12 countries. Thirteen cases have been detected in Spain, 12 in Israel, and 11 in the US.

Elsewhere, cases have also been detected in Belgium, Denmark, France, Italy, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway and Romania.

Cases were detected in children aged one month to 16, the majority of whom have been hospitalised. The WHO has not disclosed which country the only known death occurred in.

Professor Deirdre Kelly, an expert in paediatric hepatology at Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital, told the Telegraph: 'I do think that what we've seen so far may be the tip of the iceberg, because unless they're yellow, it probably doesn't come to medical attention. The other early symptoms are tummy ache, vomiting and diarrhoea - which aren't very specific in children.'

UKHSA data shows there were 111 confirmed and possible hepatitis cases in the UK as of April 20. Of these, 81 cases were in England (white bars), 14 were in Scotland (blue bars), 11 were in Wales (red bars) and five in Northern Ireland (green bars). Between January 21 and April 18, 10 children have required liver transplantation


UKHSA data shows there were 111 confirmed and possible hepatitis cases in the UK as of April 20. Of these, 81 cases were in England (white bars), 14 were in Scotland (blue bars), 11 were in Wales (red bars) and five in Northern Ireland (green bars). Between January 21 and April 18, 10 children have required liver transplantation

Hepatitis cases have been tested for other pathogens when they were admitted to hospital. Adenovirus (far left bar) was the most common pathogen detected in 40 of 53 cases which have been tested, followed by SARS-CoV-2 (second bar)


Hepatitis cases have been tested for other pathogens when they were admitted to hospital. Adenovirus (far left bar) was the most common pathogen detected in 40 of 53 cases which have been tested, followed by SARS-CoV-2 (second bar)

Health chiefs linked Covid and adenovirus data. This shows there has been a rise in both preceding adenovirus infections (grey bars), co-infections (navy bars) and secondary infection (blue bars)


Health chiefs linked Covid and adenovirus data. This shows there has been a rise in both preceding adenovirus infections (grey bars), co-infections (navy bars) and secondary infection (blue bars)

UKHSA data shows positive adenovirus tests from one to four-year-olds (green line) are higher compared to the previous five years.  Between November 2021 to March 2022, approximately 200 to 300 cases of adenovirus were reported per week compared to 50 to 150 cases per week in the same period before the pandemic


UKHSA data shows positive adenovirus tests from one to four-year-olds (green line) are higher compared to the previous five years. Between November 2021 to March 2022, approximately 200 to 300 cases of adenovirus were reported per week compared to 50 to 150 cases per week in the same period before the pandemic

The first hepatitis cases were recorded in Britain, where 114 children have now been sickened. Thirteen cases have been detected in Spain, 12 in Israel and 11 in the US — including nine in Alabama and two in North Carolina.

The unusual illness has also been spotted in Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Norway, Romania and Belgium.

UK Health Security Agency experts were called to a briefing at the European Congress of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases in Lisbon today to present data around the current situation in Britain.

Dr Muge Cevik, an infectious diseases expert based at the University of St Andrews, in Scotland, said Covid was a possible explanation.

But she said: 'Acute severe hepatitis hasn't been a common feature of Covid in children, so it's less likely to explain this presentation.

'Adenovirus [Common cold virus] was detected in 40 of 53 cases, but not all cases are tested. Adenovirus testing has been inconsistent in other samples, and it's too early to confirm characterization.

'It's important for all countries to share their data once available.'

Professor Graham Cooke, an expert in infectious diseases at Imperial College London, said it is unlikely Covid was responsible.

He said: 'Mild hepatitis is very common in children following a range of viral infections, but what is being seen at the moment is quite different.

'If the hepatitis was a result of Covid it would be surprising not to see it more widely distributed across the country given the high prevalence of (Covid) at the moment.'

A virology specialist at Imperial told The Telegraph it is 'very unusual and rare' for children to suffer severe hepatitis, especially to the extent that they require a liver transplant.

The expert, who wished to remain anonymous, said: 'The number of cases is exceptional.

'It makes people think there is something unusual going on — such as a virus that has mutated or some other cause. It has sent alarm bells ringing.'
 

Heliobas Disciple

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China Sparks Panic, Teases Beijing Coronavirus Lockdown
John Hayward25 Apr 20220

China launched a series of mass coronavirus tests in Beijing on Monday, sparking panic among residents who fear a brutal Shanghai-style lockdown could be next for the capital city.

Chinese state media appears to be preparing the public for such a fate, even as Shanghai’s lockdown grinds into its fourth week with no end in sight.

The Chaoyang district of Beijing announced its 3.5 million residents will be required to undergo nucleic acid testing on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday after supposedly detecting 26 coronavirus infections over the weekend. Chinese data on coronavirus infections and deaths should always be viewed with suspicion, especially when seemingly tiny numbers of reported infections trigger waves of citywide testing and lockdowns.

“Health experts believed that Beijing has already taken effective and strong measures to prevent the situation from getting worse, and the results of the mass nucleic acid testing will be an index for the capital city to decide whether to take further anti-epidemic measures such as locking down some areas,” the state-run Global Times ominously reported on Sunday.

“As the district is set to roll out three rounds of nucleic acid testing on all residents starting Monday, some worried that certain areas may be put under lockdown and supplies might be an issue considering that residents in Shanghai experienced food shortages in the initial phase of the fight against the coronavirus,” the Chinese Communist paper wrote even more ominously on Monday.

NOT AGAIN: China’s southern economic hub of Shenzhen began a coronavirus lockdown on Monday, jeopardizing major foreign business operations and trapping some 24 million residents inside the surrounding province. https://t.co/UByKSqFD3e
— Breitbart News (@BreitbartNews) [/I]March 16, 2022

A respiratory disease expert in Beijing told the Global Times on Monday it would soon be necessary to implement “mass testing or a lockdown” across much of the city to contain the “relatively insidious and contagious” omicron variant in accordance with China’s “dynamic zero-Covid” policy, which is not working very well against the outbreak in Shanghai.

“The city has recently seen several outbreaks involving multiple transmission chains, and the risk of continued and undetected transmission is high. The situation is urgent and grim. The whole city must act immediately,” Beijing municipal official Tian Wei said at a press conference on Saturday.

The Global Times reported “panic shopping” in Chaoyang, with some markets experiencing a “temporary shortage of fresh vegetables on Sunday afternoon,” but claimed the grocery supply was quickly stabilized by “emergency response mechanisms.” Food sellers extended their hours and brought in extra staff to handle the shopping surge.

The Global Times offered a breezy photo essay of Beijing residents “shopping for food on Sunday afternoon amid concerns over a snap lockdown.” China’s lockdowns are usually imposed with very little advance warning because the authorities fear terrified citizens will attempt to flee the targeted city.

Foreign observers noted Beijing supermarket chains and grocery e-commerce platforms appeared to be stocking up for a much larger wave of panic buying to come.
China placed all 17 million residents in one of its biggest cities under lockdown on Sunday, as virus cases doubled nationwide. Millions locked down as China wrestles worst virus outbreak in two years - Breitbart
— Breitbart News (@BreitbartNews) March 13, 2022

“Even in districts such as Haidian that have yet to report any cases in the current outbreak, there is a sense of growing unease over food supply,” Reuters reported on Monday.

A Global Times editorial on Monday struggled to defend lockdowns, even as the number of cases in Shanghai increased and fatalities tripled to reach an all-time high amid the longest and most brutal lockdown imposed since the initial outbreak in Wuhan at the beginning of 2020.

The Global Times made no attempt to explain why the Shanghai lockdown failed, instead burbling about allegedly successful lockdowns in other cities, and suggesting the lesson to be learned from Shanghai is that lockdowns must be imposed even more swiftly and harshly:

The Omicron variant places higher requirements on the response of “early detection, early reporting, early quarantine and early treatment.” It also tends to make some regions feel nervous, fearing that the area under their jurisdiction may be overwhelmed by an outbreak. But despite such attention and pressure, we cannot ignore the practical conditions and violate scientific rules. Some regions arbitrarily close off highways with the excuse of epidemic prevention and control, some impose “static management” even if no infections have been reported, and other places prohibit farmers from farming even if there is no COVID-19 outbreak locally. These practices are all twisting the dynamic zero-COVID policy. Attention has been paid to resolving those problems according to law. Meanwhile, we should also be vigilant to the tendency of seeking to avoid being punished by adopting radical control measures.

“We cannot equate ‘dynamic zero-COVID’ with zero infection, the measure of lockdowns and citywide nucleic acid testing,” the Global Times intoned, even though zero is right there in the name of the policy.

The editorial concluded by railing against “formalism and bureaucracy,” setting up the usual low-level Communist flunkies to take the blame for failing to properly implement brilliant policies devised by the scientist-tyrants of Beijing:

The most important aspect of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control is coordination. From the very beginning of epidemic prevention and control, the central government has clearly put forward that we should be coordinated in the promotion of epidemic prevention and control as well as in national economic and social development. This means we should take all aspects into consideration, solve all the difficulties we are facing and “play the piano with 10 fingers.” Prevention and control of the epidemic is a systemic project that needs to consider three points simultaneously: Control the epidemic, protect people’s normal life, and ensure the necessary operation of the economy and society. All three are indispensable.

ABC News predicted rough times ahead for Beijing, since dictator Xi Jinping will find himself under considerable “political strain” from either a massive omicron outbreak in the capital, Shanghai-style suicide-inducing lockdowns, or both.

The horror in Shanghai stepped up to a new level over the weekend with the appearance of mysterious green metal barriers around some areas of the city. The authorities belatedly announced these barriers marked an even tougher form of “hard isolation” for districts with high case counts.

A six-minute video called “Voices of April” appeared on Chinese social media on Friday, compiling scenes of desperation and outrage from Shanghai, including clips from earlier videos that were suppressed by the Communist government.

“Voices of April” itself was targeted by Chinese censors with such vigor that its terrified anonymous creator began begging WeChat users to stop sharing it.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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STUDY: Vaccinated Up to 15X MORE LIKELY Than Unvaxxed to Develop Heart Inflammation Requiring Hospitalization: Peer Reviewed Study
By Julian Conradson
Published April 25, 2022 at 4:14pm

A new study out of Europe has revealed that cases of heart inflammation that required hospitalization were much more common among vaccinated individuals compared to the unvaccinated.

A team of researchers from health agencies in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway found that rates of myocarditis and pericarditis, two forms of potentially life-threatening heart inflammation, were higher in those who had received one or two doses of either mRNA-based vaccine – Pfizer’s or Moderna’s.

In all, researchers studied a total of 23.1 million records on individuals aged 12 or older between December 2020 and October 2021. In addition to the increased rate overall, the massive study confirmed the chances of developing the heart condition increased with a second dose, which mirrors other data that has been uncovered in recent months.

From the *peer-reviewed study, which was published by the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA):

“Results of this large cohort study indicated that both first and second doses of mRNA vaccines were associated with increased risk of myocarditis and pericarditis. For individuals receiving 2 doses of the same vaccine, risk of myocarditis was highest among young males (aged 16-24 years) after the second dose. These findings are compatible with between 4 and 7 excess events in 28 days per 100 000 vaccinees after BNT162b2, and between 9 and 28 excess events per 100 000 vaccinees after mRNA-1273.
The risks of myocarditis and pericarditis were highest within the first 7 days of being vaccinated, were increased for all combinations of mRNA vaccines, and were more pronounced after the second dose.”

Also mirroring other data, the study confirmed that young people, especially young males, are the ones who are suffering the worst effects of the experimental jab. Young men, aged 16-24 were an astounding 5-15X more likely to be hospitalized with heart inflammation than their unvaccinated peers.

But it isn’t just young men, all age groups across both sexes – except for men over 40 and girls aged 12-15 – experienced a higher rate of heart inflammation post-vaccination when compared to the unvaxxed.

From The Epoch Times, who spoke with one of the study’s main researchers, Dr. Rickard Ljung:

“‘These extra cases among men aged 16–24 correspond to a 5 times increased risk after Comirnaty and 15 times increased risk after Spikevax compared to unvaccinated,’ Dr. Rickard Ljung, a professor and physician at the Swedish Medical Products Agency and one of the principal investigators of the study, told The Epoch Times in an email.
Comirnaty is the brand name for Pfizer’s vaccine while Spikevax is the brand name for Moderna’s jab.
Rates were also higher among the age group for those who received any dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, both of which utilize mRNA technology. And rates were elevated among vaccinated males of all ages after the first or second dose, except for the first dose of Moderna’s shot for those 40 or older, and females 12- to 15-years-old.”

Although the peer-reviewed study found a direct link between mRNA based vaccines and increased incident rate of heart inflammation, the researchers claimed that the “benefits” of the experimental vaccines still “outweigh the risks of side effects,” because cases of heart inflammation are “very rare,” in a press conference about their findings earlier this month.

However, while overall case numbers may be low in comparison to the raw numbers and thus technically “very rare,” the rate at which individuals are developing this serious condition has increased by a whopping amount. When considering the fact that 5-15X more, otherwise healthy, young men will come down with the condition – especially since the chances of Covid-19 killing them at that age are effectively zero (99.995% recovery rate) – it’s downright criminal for governments across the world to continue pushing mass vaccinations for everyone.

Dr. Peter McCullough, a world-renowned Cardiologist who has been warning about the long-term horror show that is vaccine-induced myocarditis in young people, certainly thinks so. In his expert opinion, the study does anything but give confidence that the benefits of the vaccine outweigh the risks. In “no way” is that the case, he says. Actually, it’s quite the opposite.

From McCullough, via The Epoch Times:

“In cardiology we spend our entire career trying to save every bit of heart muscle. We put in stents, we do heart catheterization, we do stress tests, we do CT angiograms. The whole game of cardiology is to preserve heart muscle. Under no circumstances would we accept a vaccine that causes even one person to stay sustain heart damage. Not one. And this idea that ‘oh, we’re going to ask a large number of people to sustain heart damage for some other theoretical benefit for a viral infection,’ which for most is less than a common cold, is untenable. The benefits of the vaccines in no way outweigh the risks.”

It’s also worth pointing out that the new study’s findings could be an indicator as to what is driving the massive spike in the excess death rates in the United States and across the world. Correlating exactly with the rollout of the experimental mRNA Covid-19 vaccines, people have been dying at record-breaking rates, especially millennials, who experienced a jaw-dropping 84% increase in excess deaths (compared to pre-pandemic) in the final four months of 2021.

With all the data that has been made available up to this point, there is no denying that the vaccine is at least partially to blame for the spike in severe illness and death, if not entirely. Nevertheless, the CDC, Fauci, Biden, and the rest of the corrupt establishment continue to push mass vaccines, just approved another booster jab (with plans for another already in the works), and are licking their chops to unleash another round of Covid hysteria and crippling restrictions come this fall.

This madness must come to an end.
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
The artile from epochtimes quoted above.

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Heart Inflammation More Prevalent Among Vaccinated Than Unvaccinated: Study
By Zachary Stieber
April 22, 2022 Updated: April 25, 2022

Heart inflammation requiring hospital care was more common among people who received COVID-19 vaccines than those who did not, according to a new study of tens of millions of Europeans.

Rates of myocarditis or pericarditis, two types of heart inflammation, are above the levels in an unvaccinated cohort, pegged at 38 per 100,000 after receipt of a second dose of a vaccine built on messenger RNA (mRNA) technology in males aged 16 to 24—the group studies have shown are most at risk of the post-vaccination condition—researchers with health agencies in Finland, Denmark, Sweden, and Norway found.

“These extra cases among men aged 16–24 correspond to a 5 times increased risk after Comirnaty and 15 times increased risk after Spikevax compared to unvaccinated,” Dr. Rickard Ljung, a professor and physician at the Swedish Medical Products Agency and one of the principal investigators of the study, told The Epoch Times in an email.

Comirnaty is the brand name for Pfizer’s vaccine while Spikevax is the brand name for Moderna’s jab.

Rates were also higher among the age group for those who received any dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, both of which utilize mRNA technology. And rates were elevated among vaccinated males of all ages after the first or second dose, except for the first dose of Moderna’s shot for those 40 or older, and females 12- to 15-years-old.

Researchers pulled data from national health registers, analyzing 23.1 million people aged 12 or older. The analysis was of data from Dec. 27, 2020, to incidence of myocarditis or pericarditis, or the end of the study time period, which was Oct. 5, 2021.

“The risks of myocarditis and pericarditis were highest within the first 7 days of being vaccinated, were increased for all combinations of mRNA vaccines, and were more pronounced after the second dose,” researchers wrote in the study, which was published by the Journal of the American Medical Association following peer review.

Moderna and Pfizer did not respond to requests for comment.

Some previous studies have indicated that the risk of heart inflammation is higher from the companies’ vaccines, or certain doses of the vaccines, than from COVID-19 itself.

Others have concluded the opposite, including a recent non-peer-reviewed study from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, though that is one of the papers that has estimated a higher rate of post-vaccination heart inflammation.

Authorities in the United States and many European countries continue recommending vaccination for virtually every eligible person, regardless of age, health condition, or prior infection.

The Nordic countries, however, halted use of Moderna’s vaccine in 2021 for youth and young adults due to concerns over post-vaccination heart inflammation.

Ljung said he could not answer whether the results mean some people should consider only a single dose, or no doses, of a COVID-19 vaccine because the Swedish Medical Products Agency doesn’t give those types of recommendations.

In a press release promoting the study, researchers said that occurrence of the heart inflammation is “very rare” and claimed that “the benefits of these vaccines to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 and death outweigh the risks of side effects.”

Dr. Peter McCullough, the chief medical adviser for the Truth for Health Foundation and a cardiologist who is seeing patients with post-vaccination heart inflammation, disagreed.

“In cardiology we spend our entire career trying to save every bit of heart muscle. We put in stents, we do heart catheterization, we do stress tests, we do CT angiograms. The whole game of cardiology is to preserve heart muscle,” McCullough told The Epoch Times. “Under no circumstances would we accept a vaccine that causes even one person to stay sustain heart damage. Not one. And this idea that ‘oh, we’re going to ask a large number of people to sustain heart damage for some other theoretical benefit for a viral infection,’ which for most is less than a common cold, is untenable. The benefits of the vaccines in no way outweigh the risks.”
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
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Reports of Women Shedding Uterine Lining Surged in 2021, Research Shows
Three members of the Children’s Health Defense team conducted research for a paper published April 21 in the Gazette of Medical Sciences showing an increase in reports of “decidual cast shedding” during 2021, compared with the pre-pandemic period.
By Children's Health Defense Team
04/25/22

Three members of the Children’s Health Defense team — Brian Hooker, Ph.D., chief scientific officer, Sue Peters, Ph.D., senior research fellow and Heather Ray, scientific administrator — conducted research for a paper published April 21 in the Gazette of Medical Sciences.

Hooker, Peters and Ray worked with My Cycle Story, a multidisciplinary, collaborative research project involving 13 scientists and physicians, on a survey that found an increase in 2021 in reports of “decidual cast shedding.”

Decidual cast shedding refers to a condition where the entire lining of the uterus is passed at once.

A decidual cast may occur when a cessation of progesterone levels results in the loss of support for the decidualized endometrial lining. This causes a synchronized detachment of the entire lining, which then passes through the cervix and vagina.

The My Cycle Story survey of 6,049 females found 292 reported cases of decidual cast shedding between May 16, 2021, and Dec. 31, 2021.

The results of the survey, which was conducted on social media, contrasted with the pre-pandemic period, where a total of 40 cases were found in the medical literature over the past 109 years.

The survey was launched based on previous survey data suggesting an increase in menstrual irregularities since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic.

As survey responses accumulated, it became evident that individuals were reporting a variety of unusual symptoms, many severe, and that decidual cast shedding was prevalent within the survey responses.

The study authors affirmed through Google metadata a 2,000% increase in the search terms “decidual cast shedding” during the first two quarters of 2021.

The authors also concluded more research is needed to understand the factors involved in the increase in decidual cast shedding in 2021.

The My Cycle Story team seeks to develop a deeper understanding of this phenomenon as well as other menstrual irregularities associated with the pandemic.
 

Heliobas Disciple

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What’s Behind Skyrocketing Rise in Early Puberty During the Pandemic?
According to recent data, the incidence of early puberty surged since the start of the COVID pandemic, and it’s also affecting children at historically unprecedented ages.
By Dr. Joseph Mercola
04/25/22

Story at a glance:
  • Incidence of early puberty has surged since the start of the COVID pandemic, and is affecting children at ages that are historically unprecedented.
  • Many children diagnosed with slow-progressing early puberty also experienced an acceleration of pubertal progression during and/or after lockdown.
  • Early puberty can have serious consequences for those affected. It’s been linked to a higher risk for depression, eating disorders, substance abuse and antisocial behavior.
  • The cause for the unprecedented rise in early puberty is unknown, but experts suspect it has to do with lifestyle changes related to lockdowns, such as stress, elevated electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, an unhealthy diet, low physical activity, increased obesity, elevated exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home and poor sleep.
  • Several COVID-19 clinical trials have involved anti-androgen drugs, with many showing positive results in terms of blocking the progression of infection. Some have suggested the influence of androgen on SARS-CoV-2 infection may be why young children have such a low incidence of COVID-19, as they have low androgen levels.
According to recent data, the incidence of early puberty has surged since the start of the COVID pandemic. It’s also affecting children at historically unprecedented ages. What could possibly account for this phenomenon?

Rare condition has suddenly become more prevalent

Early puberty, also known as precocious puberty, has historically been rare, affecting approximately 1 in 5,000 to 10,000 children. The female-to-male ratio of incidence is about 10-to-1 in favor of girls.

But for some as-yet-unknown reason, since early 2020, doctors around the world have seen a surprising increase in cases, predominantly if not exclusively among girls, with girls as young as 5 sprouting breasts and menstruation starting in girls younger than 8.

Typically, breast development begins around age 10 to 11, with menstruation starting two years later.

Dr. Vaishakhi Rustagi, a pediatric endocrinologist in Delhi, India, told The Fuller Project that he normally sees about 20 cases of early puberty each year, but since June 2020, she’s seen more than 300 such patients.

In Italy, a survey of five pediatric endocrinology sites found 328 girls had been referred for suspected early puberty between March and September 2020, up from 140 during the same seven-month period in 2019.

Another Italian study found patients previously diagnosed with slow-progressing early puberty experienced an acceleration of pubertal progression during and/or after lockdown.

Similar findings have emerged from Turkey, where early puberty cases reported between April 2020 and March 2021 were more than double that of any of the preceding three years (58 cases during the pandemic year compared to a total of 66 cases for the previous three years combined).

Early puberty can have serious consequences

While on the surface this may not seem like a catastrophe, it can in fact have serious consequences for those affected. Early puberty has been linked to a higher risk for depression, eating disorders, substance abuse and antisocial behavior, for example.

Early puberty may also be caused by a more serious condition, such as a central nervous problem, or an ovary, adrenal, pituitary or brain tumor, so these conditions need to be ruled out as causative factors before hormone treatment is considered.

Early puberty (provided it’s not caused by some underlying condition that needs to be addressed) is typically treated with a monthly injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH analogue therapy), which delays further development.

Once the child reaches the appropriate age for puberty, the hormone treatment is stopped, and the process of puberty then restarts.

Did lockdowns trigger early puberty?

The authors of the Italian study hypothesize there might be an association between early puberty in girls and “the complex lifestyle changes related to the lockdown.” But how?

One possibility is stress. Dr. Adiaha Spinks-Franklin, a pediatrician at Texas Children’s Hospital, told The Fuller Project:

“From 9 to like 15, you’re going through this process, but the stress of the pandemic sped up that physiological process. Meanwhile, socially and emotionally, they’re still children.”

Rustagi agrees, saying, “I think it’s directly related to the amount of stress that the children have gone through.”

Other suspects include elevated electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, an unhealthy diet, low physical activity, increased obesity, elevated exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the home and poor sleep — all of which were exacerbated during the lockdowns as children were cooped up indoors and had to study remotely.

Additionally, pervasive exposure to plastics and microplastics loaded with phthalates and BPA, which are known endocrine disrupters, certainly haven’t helped the situation.

Separately, none of these are sufficient to explain the sudden explosion of early puberty, but taken together, they might trigger changes in central nervous mediators and an increase in catecholamines to set off the pubertal process.

A curious connection

Curiously, at the same time as precocious puberty was skyrocketing, researchers at Penn Medicine published preclinical trial results suggesting anti-androgen drugs could disrupt the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 receptors that SARS-CoV-2 uses to gain entry into the cell.

The study, which was funded by the National Institutes of Health and a U.S. Department of Defense award, was published March 19, 2021.

In it, the authors noted that the two receptors are regulated by androgen hormone — the same hormone responsible for premature adrenarche (sexual maturation and libido) — and by blocking the receptors with Camostat and other androgen inhibiting drugs, viral entry and replication were prevented.

According to a Penn Medicine press release:

“The findings provide more insight into the molecular mechanisms of the virus but also support the use of anti-androgen therapies to treat COVID-19 infections, which are currently being investigated in clinical trials and have produced promising results. They also support data showing increased mortality and severity of disease among men compared to women, who have much lower levels of androgen.
“‘We provide the first evidence that not only TMPRSS2, which is known to be regulated by androgen, but ACE2 can also be directly regulated by this hormone,’ said senior author Irfan A. Asangani, PhD, an assistant professor of Cancer Biology in the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.
“‘We also show that the SARS-CoV-2 spike relies on these two receptors to impale and enter cells, and that they can be blocked with existing drugs. That’s important because if you stop viral entry, you reduce the viral load and disease progression.’”

Other research has found ACE2 receptors are present on nearly all testicular cells. This raises the question of whether male fertility and/or gonad function might be adversely affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection.

It’s also been shown that estrogen regulates the expression of ACE2 in pulmonary epithelial cells. So, sex hormones appear to play a role in SARS-CoV-2 infection in more ways than one.

Puberty versus adrenarche

For clarity, while premature adrenarche and early puberty are similar, they’re not the same.

Adrenarche refers to the activation of the adrenal glands, resulting in the production of sex hormones such as androgens, which are responsible for public hair, oily skin and hair, body odor, acne, sexual desire and increased libido.

Puberty, on the other hand, is the maturation process of sexual reproduction. Brain signals are sent to the testes and ovaries, triggering the development of sperm and eggs respectively, as well as secondary characteristics such as the deepening of the voice in boys and breasts in girls.

While we haven’t heard a whole lot about it in the news, several COVID-19 clinical trials over the past year or so have involved anti-androgen drugs, with many showing positive results in terms of blocking the progression of infection.

Some have also suggested that the influence of androgen on SARS-CoV-2 infection may be why young children have such a low incidence of COVID-19, as they have low androgen levels.

As explained in the paper, “The Resilient Child: Sex-Steroid Hormones and COVID-19 Incidence in Pediatric Patients”:

“Androgens upregulate the protease TMPRSS2, which facilitates efficient virus-host cell fusion with the epithelium of the lungs, thus increasing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of severe COVID-19. Owing to low levels of steroid hormones, prepubertal children may have low expression of TMPRSS2, thereby limiting the viral entry into the host cells.”

That said, there’s something quite curious about the timing of this information, because all of a sudden, the health care system has become very focused on normalizing transgenderism.

Is it possible that they’re thinking of dosing children with sex hormones as a treatment for COVID and need a cover story? As noted in the Penn Medicine study:

“Together, our data provide a strong rationale for clinical evaluations of TMPRSS2 inhibitors, androgen-deprivation therapy / androgen receptor antagonists alone or in combination with antiviral drugs as early as clinically possible to prevent COVID-19 progression.”

Could treating children with anti-androgens cause changes in how they feel about their sexuality? And if so, could it be that the medical industry wants to “get ahead” of the trend and quench questions by indoctrinating everyone into thinking transgenderism and gender confusion are completely normal?

That’s pure speculation, of course, but perhaps something to tuck into the back of your mind for later on.

Precocious puberty triggers

While there’s no direct evidence EMF exposure during childhood can trigger early puberty, one animal study did find Wi-Fi and cell phone radiation during pregnancy increased the risk of early puberty in the offspring.

So, it’s possible that generational effects are at play, and/or that this susceptibility is worsened by other environmental factors such as diet, lack of exercise, obesity, stress and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and foods high in estrogen.

Without a clear cause, it’s difficult to prescribe a remedy. But I believe it’s safe to say that parents would be wise to pay close attention to what their children are doing and being exposed to — pandemic or not.

For example:
  • Feed your children a healthy diet of unprocessed or minimally processed foods. Avoid sodas and sweetened beverages and encourage them to drink purified water instead.
  • Implement a time-restricted eating schedule where you limit meals and snacks to a six- to eight-hour window each day.
  • Limit their EMF exposure by setting time limits on computer, tablet and cell phone use, and turn off the Wi-Fi in your home when not in use, especially at night.
  • Optimize their sleep by having them go to bed and wake up at consistent times.
  • Encourage daily physical activity. If they’re not allowed outside due to COVID restrictions, find some form of physical exercise that they can do indoors, such as bodyweight exercises. For ideas, see Sports Mom Survival Guide’s “12 Bodyweight Exercises Your Child Can Do From Home.”
  • Investigate potential sources of endocrine-disrupting chemicals around your home, and remove or replace them as necessary.
  • Common sources include brominated flame retardants found in clothing, furniture and mattresses; phthalates found in plastic containers, plastic water bottles, older sippy cups, nonstick food wrappers, epoxy resins in canned foods and personal care products with fragrance; lead found in old paint and many public water supplies; pesticides and herbicides used around the yard and found on non-organic produce; PFAS found in nonstick cookware, carpets and textiles.
  • Teach (and ideally model) stress reduction techniques to your child, and talk to them about how they feel.
Originally published by Mercola.

The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of Children's Health Defense.
 

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China, where COVID began, still imposing lockdowns, mass testing as other nations ease restrictions
Officials in Beijing said Monday they will conduct mass testing for most of the capital city's 21 million people
By Just the News staff
Updated: April 25, 2022 - 2:38pm

China, where the first cases of COVID-19 were discovered over two years ago, continues to struggle with outbreaks of the virus in major cities, as most other countries lift pandemic-related lockdown and mask mandates.

Officials in Beijing said Monday they will conduct mass testing for most of the capital city's 21 million people.

Beijing residents have amid a new COVID-19 outbreak responded to the government's efforts by stockpiling food – for fear of a lockdown like the one in Shanghai, the country’s financial hub, and other Chinese cities.

The mass testing in Beijing has started in one of the city's 16 districts in which most of the new cases have been found and by Tuesday will expand to all but five outlying districts, according to the Associated Press.

In addition, officials have imposed lockdowns on individual residential buildings and one section of the city.

The changes in Beijing and those enacted several weeks ago Shanghi are part of China’s so-called "zero-COVID" policy. However, residents have clashed with authorities in part over what they consider relatively too few case numbers.

Just 70 cases have been found in Beijing since the outbreak surfaced Friday, the wire service reports.

However, Shanghai, which has been locked down for more than two weeks, reported more than 19,000 new infections and 51 deaths in the latest 24-hour period, pushing its announced death toll from the ongoing outbreak to 138.

Lockdowns have also recently been imposed in the city of Anyang, in central China, and Dandong, on the border with North Korea, as the virus’ omicron variant spreads across the vast country of 1.4 billion people.
 

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Things the CDC Does Not Know
By Vinay Prasad
April 25, 2022

There are many things the CDC does not actually know. They did not run the appropriate studies, so they do not have any idea. Let me start with one I have made before, and then move to some new points.
  1. Does a universal cloth mask flight mandate (with exemptions for soda and pretzels and entire meals in first class) slow the spread of sars cov 2? (CDC doesn’t know)
  2. How many people after vaccination (without natural infection) will eventually get breakthrough (the answer will exceed 90%), but is it 93, 95, or 97%? CDC does not know
And now some key points…

3. When is the best moment to get breakthrough for a healthy person? It’s easy to say as late as possible, but it may be better to get it before the vaccine effectiveness wanes greatly. Truth is no one knows. If it is better to get it before effectiveness wanes, then advising healthy people to wear n95s is bad advice.​
4. Does a healthy person benefit from being told to wear an n95? Of course if worn perfectly an n95 works. But policy makers are in the advice business. Does the advice lead to use that on balance works? This is akin to a doctor giving diet advice. Of course if you eat nothing you lose weight. But does advising someone to eat less work?​
5. Do boosters further lower hospitalizations among the college kids being forced to get them to stay in school? A simple RCT could suffice, but we never made Pfizer do one.​

These are just a few things where we could collect data or run trials. The way to study to the breakthrough question is to randomize willing people to different advice on when to lower their guard post vax, and measure severe outcomes.

Yet in all these cases, science has and continues to fail and we don’t know for sure.

Republished from the author’s Substack
 
Last edited:

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New study shows common antibody therapy has anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
by University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
April 25, 2022

Researchers at the University of Texas Medical Branch recently confirmed the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a common subcutaneous antibody therapy (Hizentra) used to treat immunocompromised or immunodeficient patients, citing its protective benefits to the immunocompromised patient community. The findings were recently published in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

An immune deficiency can be a result of a variety of factors, including a genetic disorder or the medication a patient takes. That can leave a patient with a weakened immune system that is unable to fight off infection.

Patients with immunodeficiency diseases are often treated with therapeutic immunoglobulin, an antibody therapy that provides those with weakened immune systems or other diseases the antibodies they need to fight off infections. To evaluate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a currently available commercial treatment, researchers at UTMB analyzed samples of therapeutic immunoglobulin and were able to identify both the presence and active function of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.

"My daughter is an immunodeficiency patient, and it was the immunoglobulin samples from her treatment we used in the study," said Aaron Miller, lead author of the journal article and assistant director of the Assay Development Service Division Laboratory at UTMB. "Patients and caregivers of the immunodeficiency community would be happy to learn the results of our study. The presence of neutralizing antibodies has value for future immunoglobulin-based modalities and is of clear benefit to this patient population."

Miller points out that patients and health care providers frequently inquire about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in their immunoglobulin products. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that neutralize the virus in commercial preparations should help to reduce anxiety about the outcome of exposure or infection with this virus.
 

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Study reviews COVID-related hospital visitation limits and family stress
by Mark Couch, CU Anschutz Medical Campus
April 25, 2022

Efforts by hospitals to protect people from COVID-19 by restricting them from visiting family members in ICUs may have contributed to a significant increase in stress-related disorders, according to a study led by University of Colorado School of Medicine researchers.

The study, published today in JAMA Internal Medicine, reports that nearly two-thirds of those restricted from visiting were suffering from stress-related disorders three months after their family member was hospitalized.

"Our findings suggest that visitation restrictions may have inadvertently contributed to a secondary public health crisis, an epidemic of stress-related disorders among family members of ICU patients," says Timothy Amass, MD, ScM, assistant professor of medicine at the CU School of Medicine and first author of the article.

Visitation restrictions at hospitals were implemented to prevent the spread of an emerging highly infectious virus and deadly disease at a time when personal protective equipment was in short supply. Hospital and public health officials were also concerned about having enough capacity to provide care.

Amass and his co-authors found that the consequences of those restrictions had an enduring effect on many of the people who weren't allowed to visit their hospitalized family members. According to the study, having a family member admitted to the ICU with COVID-19 was associated with high levels of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, such as depression and anxiety.

The study authors surveyed people three months after their family member was hospitalized, finding that 64% of the study participants recorded high scores on tests that measure symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. That's more than double from pre-pandemic levels, when about 30% of family members of ICU patients reported stress-related disorders.

To conduct their study, Amass and his colleagues surveyed 330 family members three months after their family members were admitted to the ICU with COVID-19. Those patients were admitted between Feb. 1 and July 31, 2020, in the early days of the pandemic, at eight academic-affiliated and four community-based hospitals in Colorado, Washington, Louisiana, New York, and Massachusetts.

The study authors said restrictions may have fostered distrust between patients' family members and health care providers. They write, "As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge the ability of family members to build bedside relationships with clinicians, this loss of trust may translate into an increase in stress-related disorders."

One study participant who was surveyed described their painful experience: "They called us and said, 'Do you want us to pull the plug?'... I said how did it go from coming home to pulling the plug?... they say that her mouth was moving and her eyes was moving but they said she was dead... so, they went on and pulled the plug anyway."

Study authors added that additional studies would be needed to determine any links between visitation restriction policies and factors that caused distrust among family members.

The study lists 41 co-authors. In addition to Amass, authors affiliated with the CU School of Medicine are Hope Cruse; Ying Jin; Trevor Lane, MD; Marc Moss, MD; Ryan Peterson, Ph.D.; Sarah Rhoads, MD; Jin Huang; and Stephanie Yu.
 

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Inflammation markers associated with COVID-19 during pregnancy may signal adverse impacts to long-term infant health
by Boston Medical Center
April 25, 2022

New research results demonstrate how inflammation from a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy could potentially impact long-term infant health, including infant growth and brain development. Published in the Journal of Perinatology, a new study from Boston Medical Center describes how infants of mothers who had a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy had significant elevations in inflammatory blood markers, also known as cytokines, at the time of delivery.

COVID-19 has impacted a growing number of pregnant patients throughout the pandemic, affecting an estimated 14 per 1,000 births in the U.S. in 2020. Typically, there are low rates of viral transmission to an infant after a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy, and no other apparent adverse effects on the infant at birth. In this new study however, researchers discovered elevated levels of markers, interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10, well-characterized inflammatory mediators central in the COVID-19 cytokine response, in both mothers and infants who experienced a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. Marker IL-8 was also uniquely elevated in infants following maternal COVID-19 infection.

In pregnancy, the elevated levels of IL-6 and IL-8 have been associated with gestational pathologies including miscarriage, preeclampsia and preterm delivery. Perinatal exposure to these cytokines has also been associated with altered fetal development. In pregnancy, elevated maternal IP-10 has been implicated in miscarriage and preeclampsia, but the long-term infant effects of IP-10 exposure in the perinatal period are currently undefined. The results of this study indicate that there are unidentified effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on infants, specifically the evidence of in-utero inflammation persisting weeks to months after initial maternal infection.

"This inflammation has the potential to significantly impact infant growth and development, highlighting the importance of continuing to follow children with COVID-19 exposure during pregnancy for unknown long-term consequences on their health," says Elizabeth Taglauer, MD, Ph.D., a neonatologist at Boston Medical Center, an assistant professor of pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine and first author on this study. "This study also importantly provides additional reasons to encourage pregnant women to pursue vaccination against COVID-19 to avoid any long-term adverse consequences for their infant."

Between July 2020 and June 2021, mother-infant dyads in early and late gestational stages of pregnancy were enrolled and categorized as a group of participants with a known COVID-19 infection during pregnancy. A control group was then enrolled between January and April 2021 for participants with no evidence of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and a negative SARS-COV-2 testing at time of delivery. For this particular analysis, anyone who had received a COVID-19 vaccination was excluded. In this prospective cohort study, a maternal blood sample and an infant blood sample were collected from 31 COVID and 29 control dyads at the time of delivery and analyzed with a panel of 13 cytokines, which are soluble markers of immune responses. The cytokine levels for these 13 immune response markers were then compared between the COVID-19 and control groups to identify any differences. This study was completed as a multi-disciplinary effort from the Mothers and Infants Affected by Signs and Symptoms of COVID-19 (MASC) study team at Boston Medical Center.

"The results of our study indicate that a COVID-19 infection during pregnancy creates an inflammatory in-utero environment, with evidence of prolonged inflammation in infant blood markers at the time of delivery," says Elisha Wachman, MD, a neonatologist at Boston Medical Center, an associate professor of pediatrics at Boston University School of Medicine and senior author on this study. "This could lead to alterations in infant growth and development as an unforeseen complication from COVID-19 infection during pregnancy."

Researchers are focusing future research on mother-infant dyads who received the COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy who did not experience a COVID-19 infection. In an ongoing study, cytokine profiles of this group look very similar to the control group, meaning that they do not have evidence of elevated inflammatory markers in the infant. These results will soon be submitted for publication and provide additional evidence that vaccination rather than COVID-19 infection during pregnancy provides protection for the infant against any adverse effects.
 

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Omicron prompted spike in COVID cases in pregnant women, but fewer hospitalizations
by UT Southwestern Medical Center
April 25, 2022

Women who were pregnant during the recent Omicron surge were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a much higher rate than during previous phases of the pandemic, but were less likely to develop severe illness, a study by UT Southwestern and Parkland Health scientists found. The research, reported in JAMA, is the first published evidence documenting how the boom in COVID-19 cases late last year and early this year impacted the health of pregnant women.

"Obstetrics never stopped during the pandemic. Women are still having babies and coming in for their prenatal care," said study leader Emily Adhikari, M.D., Assistant Professor and Maternal-Fetal Medicine specialist at UTSW and Medical Director of Perinatal Infectious Diseases at Parkland Health. "It's important to understand how this virus behaves in the population we serve."

Dr. Adhikari explained that respiratory infections, including COVID-19, are as infectious to pregnant women as they are in the general population. However, their effects can be far more severe due to the physiologic changes that occur in pregnancy: While a woman's lung capacity decreases about 20-30% during later pregnancy, oxygen consumption increases significantly as the fetus grows.

Although previous research, including a study at UTSW, had shown that hospitalizations of pregnant women increased during the Delta wave of COVID-19, no research had yet quantified severity of the Omicron variant in this population.

Toward this end, Dr. Adhikari, along with colleagues in Women and Infants Specialty Health at Parkland and in the Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics at UT Southwestern, gathered data from patients who received prenatal care at Parkland Health, the Dallas County system encompassing a centralized acute care hospital and 10 community-based prenatal clinics. The researchers collected information on positive cases and whether their illness was severe—meaning the patient required supplemental oxygen or higher-level support such as high-flow nasal cannula, mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (a type of life support that temporarily replaces heart and lung function)—spanning May 17, 2020 to Jan. 29, 2022.

Dr. Adhikari and her colleagues found that 2,641 positive cases were diagnosed during this time period, which covered a pre-Delta phase, the Delta surge, and the Omicron surge. Their analysis showed that during the Delta surge, the case rate was three times higher than during the pre-Delta period. The case rate during the Omicron surge was 10 times higher than the pre-Delta period. However, while Delta cases were about three times more severe than pre-Delta cases, Omicron cases were about 80% less severe, Dr. Adhikari said.

She noted that although vaccination might have played a role in decreasing the severity of illness, this variable was accounted for, suggesting that differences may be due to other factors, such as the behavior of the particular SARS-CoV-2 variant or immunity from prior infection. Because the future of the pandemic remains uncertain, Dr. Adhikari added, vaccination will be key to helping pregnant women stay healthy if the next variant causes more severe illness.

"We're very lucky that although Omicron caused more cases than Delta, it was a less severe variant. If the same portion of positive patients had ended up on oxygen or ventilators, we would have been overwhelmed," Dr. Adhikari said. "We have no control over the nature of the next variant, but pregnant women do have control over whether to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, which has been proven to help prevent severe illness and spread."
 

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Asthma drug can block crucial SARS-CoV-2 protein
by Ranjini Raghunath, Indian Institute of Science
April 25, 2022

A drug used to treat asthma and allergies can bind to and block a crucial protein produced by the virus SARS-CoV-2, and reduce viral replication in human immune cells, according to a new study by researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc).

Approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the drug, called montelukast, has been around for more than 20 years and is usually prescribed to reduce inflammation caused by conditions like asthma, hay fever and hives.

In the study, published in eLife, the researchers show that the drug binds strongly to one end (C-terminal) of a SARS-CoV-2 protein called Nsp1, which is one of the first viral proteins unleashed inside the human cells. This protein can bind to ribosomes—the protein-making machinery—inside our immune cells and shut down the synthesis of vital proteins required by the immune system, thereby weakening it. Targeting Nsp1 could therefore reduce the damage inflicted by the virus.

"The mutation rate in this protein, especially the C-terminal region, is very low compared to the rest of the viral proteins," explains Tanweer Hussain, Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), IISc, and senior author of the study. Since Nsp1 is likely to remain largely unchanged in any variants of the virus that emerge, drugs targeting this region are expected to work against all such variants, he adds.

Hussain and his team first used computational modeling to screen more than 1,600 FDA-approved drugs in order to find the ones that bound strongly to Nsp1. From these, they were able to shortlist a dozen drugs including montelukast and saquinavir, an anti-HIV drug. "The molecular dynamic simulations generate a lot of data, in the range of terabytes, and help to figure out the stability of the drug-bound protein molecule. To analyze these and identify which drugs may work inside the cell was a challenge," says Mohammad Afsar, former Project Scientist at MRDG, currently a postdoc at the University of Texas at Austin, and first author of the study.

Working with the group of Sandeep Eswarappa, Associate Professor in the Department of Biochemistry, Hussain's team then cultured human cells in the lab that specifically produced Nsp1, treated them with montelukast and saquinavir separately, and found that only montelukast was able to rescue the inhibition of protein synthesis by Nsp1.

"There are two aspects [to consider]: one is affinity and the other is stability," explains Afsar. This means that the drug needs to not only bind to the viral protein strongly, but also stay bound for a sufficiently long time to prevent the protein from affecting the host cell, he adds. "The anti-HIV drug (saquinavir) showed good affinity, but not good stability." Montelukast, on the other hand, was found to bind strongly and stably to Nsp1, allowing the host cells to resume normal protein synthesis.

Hussain's lab then tested the effect of the drug on live viruses, in the Bio-Safety Level 3 (BSL-3) facility at the Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), IISc, in collaboration with Shashank Tripathi, Assistant Professor at CIDR, and his team. They found that the drug was able to reduce viral numbers in infected cells in the culture.

"Clinicians have tried using the drug … and there are reports that said that montelukast reduced hospitalization in COVID-19 patients," says Hussain, adding that the exact mechanisms by which it works still need to be fully understood. His team plans to work with chemists to see if they can modify the structure of the drug to make it more potent against SARS-CoV-2. They also plan to continue hunting for similar drugs with strong antiviral activity.
 

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Make-up of SARS-CoV-2 outer envelope revealed for the first time
by Cardiff University
April 25, 2022

1650957616898.jpeg
Nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting confirm purity of SARS-CoV2 preparations, while targeted lipidomics demonstrates the membrane as a PL rich membrane mainly comprised of PE, PC and PI. Panel A-B purity analysis of gradient purified viral preparations. (A) Gradient purified virus was analyzed by nanoparticle tracking analysis and particle size plotted. (B) Proteins was solubilised in NuPAGE LDS buffer then separated by size on Bis-Tris gels, before being transferred to nitrocellulose and blotted for the indicated proteins, as outlined in Methods (see Supplementary Figure 1 for uncropped gels) Panel C. Lipidomics analysis of the total amounts of lipids in each category in Vero and A549 cells. Lipids were extracted from 3 preparations of virus from either Vero or A549 cells, and analyzed using LC/MS/MS, as indicated in Methods. The relative % of all detected lipid categories for all 3 preparations, with molecular species within each category combined to provide total values are shown. Amounts (ng) of all individual molecular species were added together for each preparation then converted to molar amounts using an average mass value per category. Molar% was then calculated following totalling of all lipid categories (n = 3, mean +/- SEM). Unpaired Students T test. Credit: Journal of Lipid Research (2022). DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100208

Scientists from Cardiff University have detailed the molecular make-up of the fatty outer envelope of SARS-CoV-2 for the first time—and say it could prove an important new target for antivirals.

The team's work on the viral lipid envelope showed it had significant differences to healthy host cell membranes, suggesting the potential for it to be selectively targeted.

The research is published today in the Journal of Lipid Research.

"While vaccines and antivirals have targeted proteins or the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, there has been little research into the lipid envelope to date," said Professor Valerie O'Donnell, a lipid biochemist and co-author on the study from Cardiff University's School of Medicine.

"Our study has mapped this essential viral component—indeed, there has been very little research into any viral lipid envelopes so far. Addressing this knowledge gap could enable selective therapeutic targeting that avoids damaging host membranes. We also suspect the membrane won't be impacted by mutation of the virus, unlike spike proteins, so it would be a consistent target."

The Cardiff team used mass spectrometry to create a detailed map of the little-understood lipid envelope and found it was comprised mainly of phospholipids but very little cholesterol, unlike host cell membranes. The findings suggest there is potential to target the virus in the oral cavity with therapeutics without collateral damage to the body's own cells.

As part of the same study, they carried out a small-scale clinical trial in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to test whether oral rinses containing lipid disrupting chemicals called surfactants could reduce infectivity in the mouth.

In the trial, 27 hospital patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were given one of four different types of oral rinse, including two containing cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), one containing povidone-iodine and another containing saline.

The most effective contained CPC and isopropyl myristate—a single 30-second rinse with this formulation in seven patients eliminated the virus in the saliva by 99.99% at one minute, and by 99.8% at 60 minutes. In three of the seven patients (around 40%) no live virus was detected in the saliva at any time after the initial rinse.

Other formulations containing compounds such as povidone-iodine or saline had little to no effect, while the rinse containing CPC and benzoate did not show a persistent effect, suggesting formulation is "critical."

Professor Richard Stanton, co-author of the study from Cardiff University's School of Medicine, said: "The findings of our clinical trial suggest the lipid envelope could be targeted by specific formulations of oral rinses.

"Our results suggest certain mouthwashes could play a role in limiting COVID-19 exposure in healthcare settings, for example, destroying the virus for sufficient time to enable a dental or oral examination. It could also be a useful component of infection prevention and control for other respiratory enveloped viruses, such as influenza."

Professor David Thomas, co-author of the study from Cardiff University's School of Dentistry, said: "Larger clinical trials and population-based studies are warranted to determine if oral rinses have any impact on COVID-19 transmission in practice.

"We would encourage people to always use mouthwash safely and as per the manufacturer's guidelines."

An important caveat, say the researchers, is that mouthwash cannot target any virus in the lower respiratory tract, and it remains unclear whether virus that transmits to others arises from the upper or lower respiratory tract.
 

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Moderna Knew Vaccinated People Will Never Acquire Proper Immunity After Breakthrough Infections
Original Antigenic Sin was hidden from us until Apr 19, 2022
Igor Chudov
3 hr ago

`Ever wondered why some vaccinated people seem to be having endless Covids? An interesting study came out.



This study looked at two sides of the Moderna Phase 3 vaccine trial: the vaccinated group and the control group. They looked at unvaccinated people having Covid, versus vaccinated people having so called “break-through Covid infections”.

The question that they asked, was: do the vaccinated acquire the same full-spectrum immunity as the unvaccinated?



The answer was no. Vaccinated people were much LESS likely to develop broad natural immunity, compared to unvaccinated people.



Broad Natural Immunity and Nucleocapsid Antibodies

I discuss the definition of broad spectrum immunity and explain nucleocapsid antibodies in my Nov 18 article “UK Week 42-45”. I am going to plagiarize myself and copy the text right here to make it easy for my readers:

What are these N antibodies and why am I talking about them? What’s so important?

The Covid coronavirus presents numerous “epitopes” to our immune system. Those are similar to body parts in people, those are things that the virus presents to our body just as we “present” our eyes, mouths and nose.



After defeating an infection, our immune system learns to recognize these “epitopes” and reacts later, when the pathogen is reintroduced, fighting it off easier than the first time. This is the whole point of immunity.

Skipping some details, our natural, unvaccinated immunity learns to recognize the “spikes” (S-protein), the “nucleocapsid” (N-Protein) and other pieces of the virus, and develops antibodies and immune memory reacting to all of those.

This multifaceted memory also provides broader protection against “variants”.

In contrast, vaccination with any existing Covid vaccine, floods our cells with only S-protein (the “spike protein”) from a virus that only existed around January 2020. As an aside, this spike protein is extremely toxic, it causes numerous side effects that we have heard about. Its effects depend on many things such as how exactly you were jabbed and how much of the vaccine entered the blood stream. S-protein can also penetrate cell nuclei and interfere with DNA repair.

Continuing, the point of “Covid vaccine” is that our immunity learns to recognize this S-protein and develops antibodies. This allows the vaccinated to fight off Covid-19 infection in the first few months post-vaccination. Then these S-antibodies decline, immunity wanes, and we end up with no immunity in the vaccinated.

What is important is that vaccine immunity ONLY creates antibodies for S-protein, but not for other proteins of the real virus, such as the N-protein. This is what the Roche N test is about: it detects presence of N-antibodies, which can only appear in survivors of actual Covid-19, which has N protein, which Covid vaccine lacks.

Thus, unvaccinated survivors of Covid19 develop a variety of antibodies, including S-antibodies (like the vaxxed), N-antibodies (never seen in vaxxed who did not have covid), etc.

The Moderna Trial

During the original Moderna Phase 3 trial, even before Delta and Omicron, scientists found the same effect: the vaccinated are much less likely to “seroconvert” and develop the above described N antibodies. The difference between the vaccinated and the unvaccinated is FIVE TIMES, which is huge. The unvaccinated are five times more likely than the vaccinated to develop broad immunity including N antibodies.



It gets even worse: for those vaccinated persons whose breakthrough infection occurred after the second dose, (illness detected on Day 29), their ability to develop N antibodies was 13 TIMES worse than that of the unvaccinated:



This inability to obtain broader natural immunity is the reason for endless covids: a covid infection in the vaccinated does not result in lasting immunity and acts similarly to an almost-worthless booster shot. A “breakthrough infection” adds a large number of temporary S-antibodies to the obsolete Wuhan virus. Whereas, the unvaccinated obtain numerous antibodies to all sorts of facets (epitopes) of the virus that infected them.

Authors also acknowledge importance of this finding and mention other studies showing the same effect:



N-Antibody Prevalence was Used for Questionable “Vaccine Effectiveness” Claims

It turns out that certain, perhaps intentionally misleading studies were using low N-antibody prevalence among the vaccinated, to falsely “prove” vaccine effectiveness. They would say “look how low is N antibody prevalence among the vaccinated!” as a proof that they do not get sick. But, as the above shows, it is not proof that they do not get sick! Sick or not, the vaccinees would NOT develop N antibodies.

What are those potentially misleading studies?



The authors mention studies 29-31. Here they are:



If you are a substack writer, take a look at them and see if you can find methodological flaws in them, based on incorrect use of N-antibody tests.

Brian Mowrey

If you like healthy disagreement, without cancel culture, note that a respected Substack writer, Brian Mowrey, does not agree with those who bring up evidence of OAS (Original Antigenic Sin). Brian is very articulate and wrote two interesting articles on the topic. I do not happen to agree with his opinion on OAS, however I respect Brian and want my readers to be exposed to his opposing points of view. Click on the above two links if you are interested. Let us know what you think.

Implications

The implications of the failure of vaccinated people to acquire full immunity are enormous. As a result of haphazardly tested vaccines, the vaccinated cannot become naturally immune after first, second, or any further infection.
Thus, any kind of herd immunity, successfully reached by low-vaccination countries, is impossible in the highly-vaccinated countries.

Endless Covid infections are NOT harmless, because Sars-Cov-2 infects immune cells and acts as a battering ram against our immune systems. Repeated blows of this “battering ram” are extremely deleterious to the immune systems of the vaccinated.


The UK is a bit ahead of other highly vaccinated countries and has statistics exposing the depth of the problem.



What do you think? Let us know in comments!
 

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PANDA's Marc Girardot on how the COVID vaccines damage your body
Marc Girardot brought a recent paper on COVID-19 vaccines causing hepatitis to my attention. Marc's theory on how the vaccines damage your body is consistent with what the paper found.
Steve Kirsch
15 hr ag

A new paper is out linking the COVID vaccines and hepatitis is now available: SARS-CoV-2 vaccination can elicit a CD8 T-cell dominant hepatitis.

Marc, among others, believes that this is not directly due to the spike protein, but happens indirectly. Here’s how:
  1. After injection, the lipid nanoparticles (LNP) in the vaccines carry the mRNA instructions to your cells causing them to express spike protein (known as "transfection"). These transfected cells are all over your body and are not limited to the injection site.
  2. The T-cells in your immune system then attack these cells (since they are expressing a foreign protein) causing the destruction of (formerly) healthy tissue. If the T-cell attacks happen to cells in the liver, you get hepatitis.
If it happens in cells around your heart, you get myocarditis. If it happens in the cells protecting the blood-brain barrier and in your brain, the barrier can be damaged leading to prion disease, Alzheimer's, dementia, autism, stroke, etc.

With respect to the cases of hepatitis being reported in 11 countries across the world, this may not be related as most of the cases are being reported in unvaccinated people. However, in the VAERS database, hepatic failure is elevated 87X normal and hepatic cirrhosis is elevated 125X normal.

More details in this 47-minute video. If you are short on time, just watch the first 5 minutes or read the comments.


LINK TO VIDEO:
47 min 13 sec
 

Heliobas Disciple

TB Fanatic
From my email inbox

Is the following false news ie lies

View attachment 336720

The statistic about the children has been news today. I was going to post an article about it, I will post that first.

(fair use applies)

CDC estimates 3 in 4 kids have had coronavirus infections
by Mike Stobbe
April 26, 2022

Three out of every four U.S. children have been infected with the coronavirus and more than half of all Americans had signs of previous infections, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention researchers estimated in a report Tuesday.

The researchers examined blood samples from more than 200,000 Americans and looked for virus-fighting antibodies made from infections, not vaccines. They found that signs of past infection rose dramatically between December and February, when the more contagious omicron variant surged through the U.S.

The most striking increase was in children. The percentage of those 17 and under with antibodies rose from about 45% in December to about 75% in February.

For Americans of all ages, about 34% had signs of prior infection in December. Just two months later, 58% did.

"I did expect it to increase. I did not expect it to increase quite this much," said Dr. Kristie Clarke, co-leader of a CDC team that tracks the extent of coronavirus infections.

The older people were, the less likely they had evidence of past infections, the study found. For those 65 and older, 19% had signs of prior infection in December and 33% did in February. That may be because older adults have higher vaccination rates and they may be more likely to take other COVID-19 precautions, such as wearing masks and avoiding crowds, Clarke said.

Clarke said the tests can detect antibodies for one to two years after infection, and possibly longer.

Studies have shown previous infection can protect some people against severe disease and hospitalization, but CDC officials stressed that the previously infected should still get COVID-19 vaccines.

The study looked for any detectable level of antibodies; it did not distinguish how many people had antibody levels that might be protective. Scientists are still trying to understand what role these kinds of antibodies play in protection from future virus exposures.

Officials continue to urge Americans to get vaccines and boosters, which offer additional protection against COVID-19 for all, including those who were previously infected.
 
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