HEALTH HEADS UP!! (Re: EBOLA) DEFY FDA! Start making colloidal silver AT HOME by the gallon!

[ainitfunny]

GET BUSY NOW MAKING COLLOIDAL SILVER BY THE GALLON AT HOME! Keep away from light till use.

MAKE SURE TO GO TO LINK BELOW FOR PAGE TWO OF THIS EBOLA NEWS STORY
http://allafrica.com/stories/201408170009.html
English

AllAfrica

By AllAfrica

Sources

Tagged:

This Day (Lagos)
16 August 2014
Nigeria: Ebola - U.S. FDA Warns Over Use of Experimental Nano-Silver Drug(PAGE ONE OF TWO)

Nigeria

By Yemi Adebowale, Gboyega Akinsanmi And Paul Obi

The excitement that greeted the arrival in Nigeria of Nano-silver, an experimental drug for the treatment of the deadly Ebola Virus Disease was yesterday blighted with the alarm raised by the United States Food and Drug Administration questioning the claims of the drug.

In a swift reaction, the Co-Chairman of the Treatment Research Group Committee on EVD, Professor Karniyus Gamaniel said the FDA's comment was not helpful and that Nigeria was following laid down procedures for administering experimental drugs

Also yesterday, Governor Babatunde Fashola of Lagos State revealed that 51 of the 198 people placed on the EVD watch list had been certified negative and had been freed. Though, the FDA did not specify any products in its warning, it was obvious that it was referring to Nano silver.

This is because FDA's alarm about "products being sold online that fraudulently claim to prevent or treat Ebola," came on the heels of the statement by Health Minister, Onyebuchi Chukwu on Thursday that eight Ebola patients in Lagos would receive the experimental Nano-silver. The US FDA said it had received consumer complaints about the Ebola claims: "Individuals promoting these unapproved and fraudulent products must take immediate action to correct or remove these claims or face potential FDA action," the agency said.

Erica Jefferson, a spokeswoman for the FDA tactically said she could not provide any information about the product referenced by the Nigerians.

Silver has been used as an anti-bacterial for centuries. Tiny silver particles known as Nano-silver have controversially been incorporated into a variety of consumer products such as socks and bedding to help block odors caused by bacteria and mold.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers Nano-silver a pesticide. Manufacturers of products that contain it must register them with the agency.

Nano-silver is also sometimes sold online as a dietary supplement even though Danish researchers found in a recent study that Nano-silver can penetrate and damage cells. The FDA regulates dietary supplements and said in its statement that by law, dietary supplements cannot claim to prevent or cure disease.

Nigeria replies US FDA... In a swift reaction to the warning by the US FDA, the Co-Chairman of the Treatment Research Group Committee on EVD, Professor Gamaniel said Nigeria was following laid down procedures for administering experimental drugs.

Gamaniel told THISDAY on telephone: "There are procedures and processes for administering trial drugs and for testing their efficacy and we are ready to follow all these processes. People must participate in the trials of any experimental drugs before the drug is approved for use." Gamaniel who also doubled as the Director General of the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) said: "Efforts are on to make sure that things are not done wrongly. It is not an issue of us against them or them against us."

He further stated that though Nigeria welcomes the caution from FDA regarding any kind of drugs, "we are also looking forward to assistance in terms of the US helping us with more scientists and experts, including standard drugs that can assist us in providing treatment for the Ebola patients."

Gamaniel contended that Ebola is a very difficult disease to manage: "A virus like Ebola is complex. Ebola can threaten America too."
Nigeria
Chadian Troops Rescue Boko Haram Hostages

Officials say security forces in Chad have rescued Nigerians who were recently kidnapped by Boko Haram, a Nigerian … see more » link to PAGE TWO: http://allafrica.com/stories/201408170009.html?page=2

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[joyfulheart]

I have tried several times to make my own, but it turns out lookig like greenish-brown sludge. I know I'm doing something wrong... I suspect it's over-cooking...

 

[ainitfunny]

If my life depended upon it, I would get my act together and find reliable information on the net as to how to do it correctly AND DON'T CHANGE OR SUBSTITUTE ANYTHING for the directions you are given.
USE ONLY PURE SILVER at least .999 purity
Use ONLY PURE DISTILLED WATER ADDING NOTHING ELSE AT ALL

It ISN'T ROCKET SCIENCE.
TWO friggin' ingredients and a 9 to 24V DC voltage.
Search for a reliable source video on YOU TUBE

 

[Deena in GA]

I wouldn't make it too far in advance. It doesn't seem to last past a few weeks to a month - or at least my homemade doesn't.

 

[ainitfunny]

I wouldn't make it too far in advance. It doesn't seem to last past a few weeks to a month - or at least my homemade doesn't.

You can do that, fresh is BEST but MY ion silver solutions seem very effective even years later and I do shake them before using, I store them in brown beer bottles and under the bathroom sink in darkness.

WHY I SAY GALLONS, is that RIGHT NOW, I only use it occasionally for cuts, infections other stuff and need/use little, BUT IF EBOLA ERUPTS, it will be needed IN QUANTITY to DISINFECT SURFACES (DO NOT WIPE OR RINSE OFF) mop floors, wipe down counters, toilets etc. with it, put in washer to disinfect clothes. Keep a covered bowl by the sink to dip HANDS into after washing (do not rinse off) THE SILVER IS STILL THERE AFTER THE WATER DRIES and will, even dry kill any germs that contact the silver.

I also plan to BUY A NEBULIZER, so that if I suspect that someone possibly infected has come too close and sneezed, coughed or breathed on me, I can nebulize some colloidal silver to disinfect my lungs and kill the virus.

Colloidal silver kills VIRUSES AND BACTERIA.

 

[bw]

Silver is purportedly an antibiotic. Ebola is a virus.

 

[Sub-Zero]

You can drink it until your blue in the face, but it won't stop Ebola.

I agree with the disinfectant aspect, though.

Best regards,

 

[ainitfunny]

Silver is purportedly an antibiotic. Ebola is a virus.

SILVER KILLS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PERIOD. It is A FACT.

GO READ UP:
http://4brevard.com/colloidal-silver.htm

 

[Timber]

COLLOIDAL SILVER / NANO SILVER
Colloidal Silver as may of us can make. But they talk of Nano Silver.
From what I’m reading the particle size is smaller, and more effective.
Can nano be made at home? Or is this a sales pitch?

 

[ainitfunny]

COLLOIDAL SILVER / NANO SILVER
Colloidal Silver as may of us can make. But they talk of Nano Silver.
From what I’m reading the particle size is smaller, and more effective.
Can nano be made at home? Or is this a sales pitch?

NANO~IONIC it is the same stuff you can make at home with a couple of 9V batteries, pure silver and distilled water.

 

[DHR43]

SILVER KILLS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PERIOD. It is A FACT.

GO READ UP:
http://4brevard.com/colloidal-silver.htm

Aintitfunny:

While I agree that CS is effective against Ebola and the rest of the 'booga-booga' germs/viruses/bacteria/diseases, it does no good to communicate that here. Most of the members need, deep down inside, to feel helpless and utterly without hope rwt to Ebola. Facts are not material. Ebola cannot be stopped, all is lost and all 6+ billion of us WILL die from it, sooner rather than later.

There is NOTHING that can be done is the tale. Nothing. There is no hope.

Thank you for the facts, but the ears, they are stone.

 

[Garryowen]

I think you will have a hard time using distilled water unless you add a bit of silver solution to it. Distilled water will not conduct electricity well.

Joy, the silver is sensitive to light and will darken. Try wrapping the glass container, don't use plastic, in aluminum foil, and do the cooking in a dark place. Also, it's possible your silver may have something else in it.

 

[DHR43]

This, too, will be loudly condemned:

" Ebola unproven treatments; how about vitamins?

by Jon Rappoport

August 15, 2014

Here’s the situation: the World Health Organization has decided to green-light unproven drugs and vaccines, to “stem the tide of Ebola.”

(8/12/2014: “Ethical considerations for use of unregistered interventions for Ebola virus disease (EVD)”; Link: who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2014/ebola-ethical-review-summary/en/)

Who appointed them king?

This is the organization that lied a dozen different way to pump up the dud “epidemic,” Swine Flu, and colluded with pharmaceutical companies in the process.

If it’s suddenly all right to give patients experimental drugs, whose safety has never been established in humans—what about vitamins and minerals, whose track record of safety makes medical drugs look like high-dose cyanide?

As I’ve written, most of the people being diagnosed with Ebola have suffered for a long time under conditions of poverty, severe malnutrition, and absence of basic sanitation.

If drugs and vaccines are deemed “compassionate intervention,” how about moving patients, before they’re terminal, to a clean facility and gradually improving their nutrition? Give them pure water. Introduce electrolytes, minerals. Feed them.

Do you know why the World Health organization will never sanction such a program of “experimental care?”

When it worked better than the upcoming drugs and vaccines, it would topple a pillar of the medical cartel. It would expose an army of liars and frauds.

It would expose the ongoing crime of “medical care” in Africa, whereby the focus is germs, germs, germs, instead of the immune system.

It would reveal the fact that a colluding group of local rulers, mega-corporations, and medical organizations don’t really want to solve the problems of the population.

They want to exacerbate them.

A weak and depopulated people makes it easier to exploit the resources and land of these African countries.

The World Health Organization, despite its myriad humanitarian posturings, is the front-group for this agenda.

With its resources, personnel, and prestige, it could head up a revolution in health.

It could make clean water, nutritious food, basic sanitation, relief from overcrowded living conditions, and the recovery of stolen land the major arrows in a relentless attack on what is actually the cause of most death in that part of the world.

But it hasn’t happened, and it won’t happen.

If someone could come up with a drug or a vaccine that would cause the World Health Organization to fall from its throne, we might start to get somewhere.

People might start to wake up from “hypnosis by fear of germs” and realize the cure is right in front of their eyes.

Starvation? Food. Vast deficiencies? Vitamins and minerals. Sewage in the water supply? Install basic sanitation. No farms? Give stolen land back to the people.

Watch what happens.

Magically, health returns. Disease recedes.

The doctors and researchers can live in Antarctica, screw around with molecules of monoclonal antibodies, make elaborate maps of genes, treat each other with exotic drugs and vaccines, and record the story of their own deteriorating health.

“Heroic medical intervention in the Third World” is a virtual simulation, which billions of people believe is real."

http://jonrappoport.wordpress.com/2014/08/15/ebola-unproven-treatments-what-about-vitamins/

Funny, that. Ebola and other nasty diseases thrive in unhealthy conditions. Maybe all that's necessary in other parts of the world to keep Ebola away are healthyconditions and healthy, effective and strong immune systems. Possible? Likely? Plausible? Probable? Conceivable?

NOT if doom is what motivates us, and for most here, it is.

Then, there's Nothing that can be done and that makes us feel a bit better as we accept our fate. Ebola is unstoppable. It is because I believe it is and facts to the contrary pass me without effect.

 

[Lurker]

SILVER KILLS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PERIOD. It is A FACT.

GO READ UP:
http://4brevard.com/colloidal-silver.htm

So - it should cure AIDS then? The common cold/FLU? Hepatitis?

Just curious.

 

[ainitfunny]

So - it should cure AIDS then? The common cold/FLU? Hepatitis?

Just curious.

You are acting like a TROLL. Step aside and allow those who want to listen and prepare, not argue, discover what they CHEAPLY CAN DO to greatly increase they and their families chance to avoid and survive any potential Ebola outbreak here. SO FAR the "authorities" are saying "There is NO treatment" and offer little or no practical help. Buzz off.

 

[naturallysweet]

Do I think that C. silver cures Ebola? No, I don't.

But If someone with Ebola vomited on me I'd be drinking it and Vitamin C by the gallon. Sometimes we need something to hold onto when we are feeling helpless.

 

[ainitfunny]

Do I think that C. silver cures Ebola? No, I don't.

But If someone with Ebola vomited on me I'd be drinking it and Vitamin C by the gallon. Sometimes we need something to hold onto when we are feeling helpless.

NOBODY SAID Colloidal silver CURES ANYTHING. I said it KILLS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

Your dismissive ignorance and refusal to learn, will lead people like you to MISUSE IT making your situation probably worse. YOU CANNOT DRINK IT BY "THE GALLON." You can WASH yourself with it, clean up the floor, wash the clothes (with soap) in it and add it to the rinse cycle to disinfect your clothes an towels.

You can use it instead of deodorant for underarms and stinky feet. You can wash and or final rinse your dishes in CW to disinfect them. You can KEEP burns and wounds from becoming infected, fight fungus infections, use it for douches, and A LOT OF OTHER USES.

 

[Kathy in WV]

Colloidal silver is great stuff, but why not add to that with Elderberry tincture? It does work on other viruses than the flu. It will eradicate the herpes virus/cold sores in a couple of days. Also warts. It works by disabling the virus from replicating. Ebola overwhelms the body by sheer numbers...what if Elderberry could stop that or even slow it down? Less viral load might mean no hemorrhage, upping the number of survivors.... just thinking aloud.

 

[ainitfunny]

Colloidal silver is great stuff, but why not add to that with Elderberry tincture? It does work on other viruses than the flu. It will eradicate the herpes virus/cold sores in a couple of days. Also warts. It works by disabling the virus from replicating. Ebola overwhelms the body by sheer numbers...what if Elderberry could stop that or even slow it down? Less viral load might mean no hemorrhage, upping the number of survivors.... just thinking aloud.

Whatever. THE POINT IS that you cannot bathe in disinfecting strength BLEACH. You cannot OVER EXPOSE your skin, lungs, and environment to bleach!! Use too much Bleach and your tight skin defense will be eroded with cracked skin making you EVEN MORE susceptible to getting infected with germs in your environment. You cannot mop the floors or wash your clothes, or otherwise clean up infectious stuff with with elderberry juice and it COSTS A LOT FOR A LITTLE. You need a CHEAP, easily made PERSISTANT disinfectant.

KEEPING A SMALL BOWL OF COLLOIDAL SILVER WITH A WASHCLOTH IN IT will allow you to EASILY disinfect the kids hands after they wash with soap, or wipe off the tv remote, computer keyboard, cell phone, door knobs, light switches, and other germ gathering objects SEVERAL TIMES A DAY

 

[naturallysweet]

NOBODY SAID Colloidal silver CURES ANYTHING. I said it KILLS BACTERIA AND VIRUSES

Your dismissive ignorance and refusal to learn, will lead people like you to MISUSE IT making your situation probably worse. YOU CANNOT DRINK IT BY "THE GALLON." You can WASH yourself with it, clean up the floor, wash the clothes (with soap) in it and add it to the rinse cycle to disinfect your clothes an towels.

You can use it instead of deodorant for underarms and stinky feet. You can wash and or final rinse your dishes in CW to disinfect them. You can KEEP burns and wounds from becoming infected, fight fungus infections, use it for douches, and A LOT OF OTHER USES.

Dismissive ignorance and refusal to learn? Why send your anger towards me? I merely stated that I don't personally believe that it would not cure the virus Ebola. But that I would be consuming copious amounts of it if I was exposed.

 

[ainitfunny]

Dismissive ignorance and refusal to learn? Why send your anger towards me? I merely stated that I don't personally believe that it would not cure the virus Ebola. But that I would be consuming copious amounts of it if I was exposed.

That is a recipe for disaster. DO NOT CONSUME COPIOUS AMOUNTS OF COLLOIDAL SILVER, unless you want it to CAUSE the explosive diarrhea that will make you think you DO have Ebola when you do not!!

You have to invest the effort and time to read up and learn how to use that MEDICAL TOOL properly.

 

[ainitfunny]

PS- It would not be a bad idea to buy some cheap, used SILVER-PLATED (if you cannot afford sterling, IT WORKS JUST AS WELL)silverware, silver plated bowls and cups, and silver plated pitchers for water and milk.
I am headed for Ebay now to see what I can pick up cheap.
I have an eye out for that at yard sales too.
GET IT WHILE IT IS CHEAP AND STILL AVAILABLE. It doesn't matter a bit if it is dented, ugly, or otherwise not for "show". It disinfects food, water and otherwise gives you another advantage over those who are without it.

HERE is a silver plated WATER PITCHER ON E-BAY for TEN BUCKS plus shipping-(buy it NOW, no bidding, no auction!!)
http://www.ebay.com/itm/Silverplate...287149?pt=Antiques_Silver&hash=item3a959e5e2d

 

[rummer]

You are acting like a TROLL. Step aside and allow those who want to listen and prepare, not argue, discover what they CHEAPLY CAN DO to greatly increase they and their families chance to avoid and survive any potential Ebola outbreak here. SO FAR the "authorities" are saying "There is NO treatment" and offer little or no practical help. Buzz off.

I don't think he is being a troll, he brings up a valid point. CS has not been proven to kill Filoviridae type of viruses. Just because it kills other types of viruses does not mean it will kill Filoviridae viruses. Has anyone even heard of someone with aids cured with CS.

 

[Be Well]

I don't think he is being a troll, he brings up a valid point. CS has not been proven to kill Filoviridae type of viruses. Just because it kills other types of viruses does not mean it will kill Filoviridae viruses. Has anyone even heard of someone with aids cured with CS.

I'd like some evidence that CS kills viruses.

 

[ainitfunny]

I'd like some evidence that CS kills viruses.

You can "like to see" all you want, if you do not have the gumption to spend the days on the internet researching the truth about silver I AM NOT GOING TO DO IT FOR YOU, you either make or don't make your bed and YOU and your loved ones HAVE TO DEAL WITH THE CONSEQUENCE OF YOUR ACTIONS, OR INACTION.

Did you bother to even read all of this thread or just first and last post? Are you keeping up with the daily news?
Have you read all the info at CDC, WHO, and African newspapers? Have you even read through the GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITY RESEARCH (ON SILVER) REPORT ABSTRACTS? I have. Do you KNOW who trusts silver's germ killing capabilities enough to spend BILLIONS of TAX DOLLARS employing it in a myriad of ways??

Why, if it kills viruses and bacteria and fungus and other types of "bad actors" in the microscopic world, would you demand proof it kills any PARTICULAR virus BEFORE YOU consider utilizing it for it's PROVEN BENEFITS??

Hell, I don't care, if you face that potential infectious situation you just go clorox your world 10 times a day and see how long you and your kiddies last.

AND RUMMER: Do you "NOT GET IT??" How many times do I have to say, THERE IS NO CLAIM THAT SILVER CURES ANY DISEASE!!! It IS proven that it kills infectious bacteria and viruses that CAUSE DISEASE. It lowers the VIRAL LOAD and prevalence of the infectious agents in your environment and on your body, so that your own immune system can get on top of and survive the exposure.

 

[Be Well]

Why are you so upset? I did not read everything on this thread but scanned a lot of it, and have also read much of what Summerthyme has said about CS in connection with no action on viruses in her experience (2 decades). One thing I do know is that a lot of material on the internet is not correct or backed up with anything tangible, so multiple sources have to be looked at, and one has to discern which is reliable and which is not.

I can't handle bleach at all, my plan is to not get near anyone close enough to get ebola. IOW, stay on my property.

ETA - actually I did read the thread, I didn't click your one link that claims CS works against viruses. I know it's good against bacteria. But not internal infections, it works best when applied directly to the affected area. Nothing in the world is a cure-all for everything.

And I am not hopeless at all. I just plan to stay on my property if ebola gets going in my area and staying put for as long as I need to.

 

[ainitfunny]

IF silver's antimicrobial properties are good enough for the Pentagon AND the entire defense department to be widely deploying, and the most prestigious BURN CENTERS, and every hospital in the nation's equipment and supply inventory IT IS GOOD ENOUGH FOR ME.............Because YOU MUST WATCH WHAT OUR GOVERNMENT AND MEDICAL AUTHORITIES ARE DOING, NOT WHAT THEY ARE SAYING!!!

 

[rummer]

You can "like to see" all you want, if you do not have the gumption to spend the days on the internet researching the truth about silver I AM NOT GOING TO DO IT FOR YOU, you either make or don't make your bed and YOU and your loved ones HAVE TO DEAL WITH THE CONSEQUENCE OF YOUR ACTIONS, OR INACTION.

Did you bother to even read all of this thread or just first and last post? Are you keeping up with the daily news?
Have you read all the info at CDC, WHO, and African newspapers? Have you even read through the GOVERNMENT AND UNIVERSITY RESEARCH (ON SILVER) REPORT ABSTRACTS? I have. Do you KNOW who trusts silver's germ killing capabilities enough to spend BILLIONS of TAX DOLLARS employing it in a myriad of ways??

Why, if it kills viruses and bacteria and fungus and other types of "bad actors" in the microscopic world, would you demand proof it kills any PARTICULAR virus BEFORE YOU consider utilizing it for it's PROVEN BENEFITS??

Hell, I don't care, if you face that potential infectious situation you just go clorox your world 10 times a day and see how long you and your kiddies last.

AND RUMMER: Do you "NOT GET IT??" How many times do I have to say, THERE IS NO CLAIM THAT SILVER CURES ANY DISEASE!!! It IS proven that it kills infectious bacteria and viruses that CAUSE DISEASE. It lowers the VIRAL LOAD and prevalence of the infectious agents in your environment and on your body, so that your own immune system can get on top of and survive the exposure.

I get it but you are not getting it. Show me where CS has been used and was effective in killing Filoviridae viruses on any surface. Not all viruses are are the same class type and susceptible to the same agents. Some viruses may very well be susceptible to CS but that does not mean Ebola virus will be.

 

[rummer]

IF silver's antimicrobial properties are good enough for the Pentagon AND the entire defense department to be widely deploying, and the most prestigious BURN CENTERS, and every hospital in the nation's equipment and supply inventory IT IS GOOD ENOUGH FOR ME.............Because YOU MUST WATCH WHAT OUR GOVERNMENT AND MEDICAL AUTHORITIES ARE DOING, NOT WHAT THEY ARE SAYING!!!

That cream that is used in burn centers is to kill BACTERIA in a burn wound.
"Because of silver's antibacterial properties, colloidal silver has been found to prevent the infection resulting from burns" per a site the sells CS.

Viruses and Bacteria are two different balls of wax.


Silvadene topical cream is what is used in Burn centers.

"This medication is used with other treatments to help prevent and treat wound infections in patients with serious burns. Silver sulfadiazine works by stopping the growth of bacteria that may infect an open wound. This helps to decrease the risk of the bacteria spreading to surrounding skin, or to the blood where it can cause a serious blood infection (sepsis). Silver sulfadiazine belongs to a class of drugs known as sulfa antibiotics".

http://www.webmd.com/drugs/drug-4910-silvadene+top.aspx

 

[rummer]

The real key is NOT to let your living environment to become contaminated in the first place, because if it is THEN you are contaminated.

So far all that I have seen that has been used and is effective and easily obtainable is Bleach. Do not risk your life or someone else's with an unproven and untested method of killing the ebola virus in your living environment.

 

[ainitfunny]

The real key is NOT to let your living environment to become contaminated in the first place, because if it is THEN you are contaminated.

So far all that I have seen that has been used and is effective and easily obtainable is Bleach. Do not risk your life or someone else's with an unproven and untested method of killing the ebola virus in your living environment.

How many research reports akin to this one does it take to convince you of silver's anti-viral activity? Why isn't anyone searching for the truth?


http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3606407/
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Nanoscale Res Lett
v.8(1); 2013
PMC3606407

Logo of nanoreslett

Performing your original search, SILVER ANTIVIRAL, in PMC will retrieve 2468 records.

Nanoscale Res Lett. 2013; 8(1): 93.
Published online Feb 20, 2013. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-93
PMCID: PMC3606407
Antiviral activity of silver nanoparticle/chitosan composites against H1N1 influenza A virus
Yasutaka Mori,1,2 Takeshi Ono,3 Yasushi Miyahira,3 Vinh Quang Nguyen,4 Takemi Matsui,4 and Masayuki Ishiharacorresponding author2
Author information ► Article notes ► Copyright and License information ►
This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
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Abstract

Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP)/chitosan (Ch) composites with antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza A virus were prepared. The Ag NP/Ch composites were obtained as yellow or brown floc-like powders following reaction at room temperature in aqueous medium. Ag NPs (3.5, 6.5, and 12.9 nm average diameters) were embedded into the chitosan matrix without aggregation or size alternation. The antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composites was evaluated by comparing the TCID50 ratio of viral suspensions treated with the composites to untreated suspensions. For all sizes of Ag NPs tested, antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza A virus increased as the concentration of Ag NPs increased; chitosan alone exhibited no antiviral activity. Size dependence of the Ag NPs on antiviral activity was also observed: antiviral activity was generally stronger with smaller Ag NPs in the composites. These results indicate that Ag NP/Ch composites interacting with viruses exhibit antiviral activity.
Keywords: Organic/metal nanocomposites, Biomass materials, Antimicrobial materials, Polysaccharides, Nanotoxicity
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Background

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are well-known antimicrobial materials effective against many types of bacteria [1-3] and fungi [4]. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of Ag NPs are mainly due to the inhibition of respiratory enzymes by released Ag+ ions [1,5]. Recently, the antimicrobial activities of Ag NPs against viruses such as HIV-1 [6,7], hepatitis B [8], herpes simplex [9], respiratory syncytial [10], monkeypox [11], Tacaribe [12], and H1N1 influenza A virus [13,14] have also been investigated. Unlike its antibacterial and antifungal activities, the major antiviral mechanism of Ag NPs is likely the physical inhibition of binding between the virus and host cell. A dependence of the size of Ag NPs on antiviral activity was observed for the viruses mentioned above; for example, Ag NPs smaller than 10 nm specifically inhibited infection by HIV-1 [6]. This property of Ag NPs holds promise that antimicrobial materials based on Ag NPs will be effective against many types of bacteria, fungi, and viruses.

On the other hand, there are some concerns about the biological and environmental risks of Ag NPs. It is known that Ag NPs have adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on aquatic organisms like fish [15], and can inhibit photosynthesis in algae [16]. One study on mammals showed a significant decline in mouse spermatogonial stem cells following the administration of Ag NPs [17]. Therefore, preventing the diffusion and intake of Ag NPs into the environment and the biosphere are important considerations in the design of antimicrobial materials containing Ag NPs [18-22]. One approach would be the fixation of Ag NPs into matrices; for example, Fayaz et al. have prepared Ag NP-coated polyurethane and have demonstrated its antiviral activity against HIV-1 and herpes simplex virus [23]. Nevertheless, the efficacy and mechanism of action of such Ag NP-fixed antiviral materials against various viral strains are not well investigated.

In this paper, the antiviral activity of Ag NP(NP=nano-particle. Ag=SILVER)/polymer composites against H1N1 influenza A virus was investigated. Chitosan (Ch), which is the main constituent of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and exhibits strong antibacterial activity [24], was used as the matrix polymer. Controlling the size of Ag NPs is as important to antiviral activity as the composition of the Ag NPs. We previously demonstrated an environmentally friendly process for producing Ag NPs with a narrow size distribution [25]. This process uses only three materials: a silver-containing glass powder as an Ag+ supplier, glucose as a reducing agent for Ag+, and water as a solvent. The stabilizing agent for Ag NPs is caramel, which is generated from glucose during heating to reduce Ag+. In this work, Ag NPs synthesized by this process were used to make the Ag NP/Ch composites, since the size of the Ag NPs could be easily controlled without the use or production of hazardous materials. Ag NP/Ch composites were synthesized in aqueous media at room temperature by mixing a chitosan solution and an Ag NP suspension. The surface and internal structure of the synthesized Ag NP/Ch composites were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopies, respectively. The effect of introducing a small amount of Ag NPs into the chitosan matrices and the effect of the size of the Ag NPs were evaluated with respect to the antiviral activity of the composites.
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Methods
Materials

Ag NP (NP=nano-particle. Ag=SILVER)suspensions were synthesized from silver-containing glass powder (BSP21, silver content 1 wt%, average grain size 10 μm, Kankyo Science, Kyoto, Japan) and glucose aqueous solution, as described previously [25]. Ag NPs used in this work were spherical; their characteristics are summarized in Table ​Table1.1. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), methanol, Giemsa stain solution, and 5 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) and 5 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) aqueous solutions were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan) and used without further purification. Chitosan solution (10 mg/mL) was prepared by mixing 0.1 g chitosan (average molecular weight 54 kg/mol, deacetylation ratio 84%; Yaizu Suisankagaku Industry Co., Ltd., Shizuoka, Japan), 10 mL of PBS, and 100 μL of 5 M HCl; following complete dissolution of the chitosan, the solution was filter-sterilized by passage through a 0.2-μm filter. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution was prepared using BSA powder (Sigma-Aldrich Japan, Tokyo, Japan) and PBS, then filter-sterilized as above. Trypsin was obtained from Life Technologies Co., (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, high glucose) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Japan (Tokyo, Japan).
Table 1
Table 1
Characteristics of Ag NPs
Synthesis of Ag NP/Ch composites

Chitosan solution (100 μL, 10 mg/mL) was mixed with Ag NP solution (0.25 to 4.5 mL) and 40 μL 5 M NaOH at room temperature, followed by vigorous stirring to precipitate the Ag NP/Ch composite. The obtained Ag NP/Ch composite was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was analyzed using a UV-visible spectrometer (JASCO V-630, Tokyo, Japan) to estimate the amount of unreacted Ag NPs. Centrifuged composites were washed with 1 mL PBS, followed by centrifugation at 6,000 rpm for 10 min. The washing process was repeated twice. The washed Ag NP/Ch composite was suspended in 250 μL PBS and used in antiviral assays the same day. Synthesis of the Ag NP/Ch composites was carried out in a laminar flow cabinet to prevent biological contamination.
Microscopy observations

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) specimens of the composites were prepared by casting 5 μL of a water dispersion of the Ag NP/Ch composite, followed by drying at room temperature. Osmium plasma coating was conducted to enhance the conductivity of the specimens. Dried samples were coated using a plasma multi-coater PMC-5000 (Meiwafosis Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). SEM observation was performed using a JSM-6340F (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) at 5 kV. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) specimens of the Ag NPs and Ag NP composites were prepared by casting 5 μL of Ag NP solution or a water dispersion of the composite onto a carbon-coated copper microgrid. Excess solution was removed using filter paper, and the specimens were dried at room temperature. Further staining was not carried out for any specimen. TEM observation was performed using a JEM-1010 (JEOL) at 80 kV.
Assaying the antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composites

Human influenza A virus (A/PR/8/34 (H1N1)), obtained from Life Technologies Co., was used and assayed using the fifty-percent tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) method. Viral suspension in PBS (250 μL, titer ca. 1,000 TCID50/mL) was added to 250 μL Ag NP/Ch composite suspension. The mixture was stirred vigorously for 5 s and then left at room temperature for 1 h to allow the virus and composite particles to interact. Then, the mixture was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 10 min to remove the composite particles. The supernatant (50 μL) was subjected to two-fold serial dilution with PBS 11 times in a 96-well cell culture plate sown with Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. Eight duplicate dilution series were prepared and assayed for each Ag NP/Ch sample. Samples were incubated at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 1 h to allow viral infection of the MDCK cells. MDCK cells were maintained by adding 50 μL DMEM (with the addition of 0.4% of BSA and 5 ppm of trypsin) to each well immediately following infection and again 5 days post-infection. Seven days post-infection, the living cells were fixed with methanol and stained with 5% Giemsa stain solution. The TCID50 of the sample solution was calculated from the number of infected wells using the Reed-Muench method [26,27]. The antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composite was estimated as the TCID50 ratio of the Ag NP/Ch-treated supernatant to the control (untreated) viral suspension.
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Results and discussion

Ag NP/Ch composites were synthesized by mixing a chitosan acidic aqueous solution with an Ag NP suspension. Chitosan is water soluble in acidic conditions due to protonation of primary amines in the chitosan chains. The Ag NP suspension was also acidic (pH 5.23 to 6.25) [25]. Although the acidity of these two solutions was maintained during mixing, partial precipitation of the Ag NP/Ch composites was observed at all conditions tested, suggesting that decreased solubility of the chitosan chains was induced by the binding of Ag NPs to the chitosan amino and hydroxyl groups [28]. Addition of excess NaOH completely precipitated the composite. Figure ​Figure11 shows a typical SEM micrograph of the composite. Ag NP/Ch composites were obtained as flocculated, aggregated, spherical sub-micrometer particles. The composites were yellow or brown; darker composites were obtained when larger amounts of Ag NPs were reacted with the chitosan. Figure ​Figure22 shows UV-visible spectra of the original Ag NP suspension and of the reaction mixes containing high amounts of Ag NP. Since spherical Ag NPs provide a peak near 400 nm [25,29], the absence of this peak shows that Ag NPs are not present in the supernatant of the post-reaction mixture and that the Ag NPs were completely bound to the chitosan.
Figure 1
Figure 1
A SEM micrograph of chitosan/SN129. Weight ratio of Ag NPs in the composite is 23.5 wt%.
Figure 2
Figure 2
UV-visible spectra of the original Ag NP suspension and of the post-reaction mixture supernatant. Solid line and dashed line correspond to the original Ag NP suspension and the post-reaction mixture supernatant, respectively. (a) SN35 and the supernatants ...

TEM micrographs of the Ag NPs and Ag NP/Ch composites are shown in Figure ​Figure3.3. Compared to Ag NPs before reaction, Ag NPs in the composites are dispersed in the chitosan matrix and appear as uneven gray domains. The thickness of the TEM specimen of the composites is uneven due to the direct casting of the composite floc. Uneven contrast of the chitosan domains is due to the uneven thickness of the specimen. Ag NPs in thick areas of the chitosan matrix are overlapped. Meanwhile, Ag NPs in thin areas appeared non-overlapped. The particle sizes of Ag NPs in the composites are similar to that of the original Ag NPs. Although some minor aggregation of Ag NPs was observed, there was no macroscopic aggregation, showing that the particle size of the Ag NPs in the Ag NP/Ch composites was controlled.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TEM micrographs of Ag NPs. (a) SN35, (b) SN65, (c) SN129; Ag NP/Ch composites (d) 24.7 wt% of SN35, (e) 21.8 wt% of SN65, (f) 23.5 wt% of SN129.

Figure ​Figure44 shows the dependence of particle size and amount of Ag NPs on the antiviral activity of the composites against influenza A virus. The TCID50 ratios of viral suspensions treated with Ag NPs and Ag NP/Ch composites to untreated suspensions were used to gauge the antiviral activity of the materials. For all Ag NPs tested, the antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composites increased with increasing amount of Ag NPs.(SILVER NANOPARTICLES) No antiviral activity was observed with chitosan alone, showing that the antiviral activity of the composites was due to the bound Ag NPs. The effect of size of the Ag NPs in the composites was also observed: for similar concentrations of Ag NPs, stronger antiviral activity was generally observed with composites containing smaller Ag NPs. This size effect was most prominent when less than 100 μg of Ag NPs was added to 1 mg of chitosan. No increase in antiviral activity was observed above 200 μg of Ag NPs per 1 mg of chitosan, irrespective of the size of the Ag NPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship between the anti-influenza virus activity of Ag NP/Ch composites and their composition. SN35 (square), SN65 (diamond), and SN129 (circle).

Previous studies showed that Ag NPs have antiviral activity against influenza A virus[13,14]. Although the mechanism of action has not been well investigated, it is likely that the antiviral activity of Ag NPs against several other types of viruses is due to direct binding of the Ag NPs to viral envelope glycoproteins, thereby inhibiting viral penetration into the host cell [6,8,13,30]. The effect of the size of Ag NPs on antiviral activity was usually observed, suggesting spatial restriction of binding between virions and Ag NPs [6,8]. For the Ag NP/Ch composites, further spatial restriction due to the chitosan matrix would be expected to prevent or weaken the interaction between virions and Ag NPs. On the other hand, physical binding of virions to the composites could directly inhibit viral contact with host cells since the virus-treated composites were removed from the assay solution prior to infection of the host cells. When embedded Ag NPs could interact with the virions, the interaction between the virions and the composites should increase with increased concentration of Ag NPs in the composites; this is supported by the experimental results on the relationship between the antiviral activity and the concentration of Ag NPs. The effect of the size of Ag NPs in the composites on antiviral activity suggests that influenza A virus interacted selectively with smaller Ag NPs, as previously reported for other types of viruses [6,8]. However, the size dependence of free Ag NPs on antiviral activity against influenza A virus has not been studied. To obtain more effective Ag NP-embedded antiviral materials, detailed studies of the mechanism of antiviral action of both free and embedded Ag NPs are required. The effects of the microscopic structure and the properties of Ag NP-embedded materials on antiviral activity should also be investigated in the future. Nonetheless, this study clearly demonstrates the feasibility of using Ag NPs to impart antiviral activity to chitosan and lower concerns about the risk of diffusion of Ag NPs in the environment.
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Conclusions

Ag NP/Ch composites with antiviral activity against influenza A virus were synthesized in aqueous medium. The composites were obtained as yellow or brown flocs; unreacted Ag NPs were not detected in the residual solution. The particle size of the Ag NPs in the composites was similar to that of the Ag NPs used to synthesize the composites. The antiviral activity of the composites was determined from the decreased TCID50 ratio of viral suspensions after treatment with the composites. For all sizes of Ag NPs tested, the antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composites increased as the amount of Ag NPs increased. Stronger antiviral activity was generally observed with composites containing smaller Ag NPs for comparable concentrations of Ag NPs. Neat chitosan did not exhibit antiviral activity, suggesting that Ag NPs are essential for the antiviral activity of the composites. Although the antiviral mechanism of the composites remains to be investigated, the experimental results showing the relationship between antiviral activity and the concentration of Ag NPs suggest that the virions and composites interacted. Consequently, detailed studies of the antiviral mechanism of the Ag NP/Ch composites could lead to the development of practical Ag NP-containing materials that will reduce concerns about the risks of diffusion of Ag NPs into the environment.
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Abbreviations

Ag NP: Silver nanoparticle; Ch: Chitosan; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; TEM: Transmission electron microscopy; TCID50: Fifty-percent tissue culture infectious dose.
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Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Authors' contributions

YMo designed the research, performed the experiments, and drafted the manuscript and the figures. TO guided and performed the viral study. YMi supervised the virus study. VQN performed some of the experiments. TM participated in the design of the research. MI supervised and coordinated the study and approved the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Authors' information

YMo is a technical official of the Japan Air Self-Defense Force. MI and YMi are professors of the National Defense Medical College. TO is a research associate of the National Defense Medical College. TM is a professor of the Tokyo Metropolitan University. VQN is a graduate student of the Tokyo Metropolitan University.
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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Ms. Y. Ichiki at the Laboratory Center of the National Defense Medical College (Tokorozawa, Japan) for helping with the electron microscopy experiments.
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References

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Elechiguerra J, Burt JL, Morones JR, Camacho-Bragado A, Gao X, Lara HH, Yacaman M. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1. J Nanobiotechnology. 2005;3:6. doi: 10.1186/1477-3155-3-6. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Trefry JC, Wooley DP. Rapid assessment of antiviral activity and cytotoxicity of silver nanoparticles using a novel application of the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay. J Virol Methods. 2012;183:19–24. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.03.014. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Lu L, Sun RW, Chen R, Hui CK, Ho CM, Luk JM, Lau GK, Che CM. Silver nanoparticles inhibit hepatitis B virus replication. Antivir Ther. 2008;13:253–262. [PubMed]
Baram-Pinto D, Shukla S, Perkas N, Gedanken A, Sarid R. Inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 infection by silver nanoparticles capped with mercaptoethane sulfonate. Bioconjugate Chem. 2009;20:1497–1502. doi: 10.1021/bc900215b. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Sun L, Singh AK, Vig K, Pillai SR, Singh SR. Silver nanoparticles inhibit replication of respiratory syncytial virus. J Biomed Nanotechnol. 2008;4:149–158.
Rogers JV, Parkinson CV, Choi YW, Speshock JL, Hussain SM. A preliminary assessment of silver nanoparticle inhibition of monkeypox virus plaque formation. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2008;3:129–133. doi: 10.1007/s11671-008-9128-2. [Cross Ref]
Speshock JL, Murdock RC, Braydich-Stolle LK, Schrand AM, Hussain SM. Interaction of silver nanoparticles with Tacaribe virus. J Nanobiotechnology. 2010;8:19. doi: 10.1186/1477-3155-8-19. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mehrbod P, Motamed N, Tabatabaian M, Soleimani ER, Amini E, Shahidi M, Kheiri MT. In vitro antiviral effect of "nanosilver" on influenza virus. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2009;17:88–93.
Xiang DX, Chen Q, Pang L, Zheng CL. Inhibitory effects of silver nanoparticles on H1N1 influenza A virus in vitro. J Virol Methods. 2011;178:137–142. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.09.003. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Wise JP Sr, Goodale BC, Wise SS, Craig GA, Pongan AF, Walter RB, Thompson WD, Ng AK, Aboueissa AM, Mitani H, Spalding MJ, Mason MD. Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells. Aquat Toxicol. 2010;97:34–41. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.016. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Navarro E, Piccapietra F, Wagner B, Marconi F, Kaegi R, Odzak N, Sigg L, Behra R. Toxicity of silver nanoparticles to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42:8959–8964. doi: 10.1021/es801785m. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Braydich-Stolle LK, Lucas B, Schrand A, Murdock RC, Lee T, Schlager JJ, Hussain SM, Hofmann MC. Silver nanoparticles disrupt GDNF/Fyn kinase signaling in spermatogonial stem cells. Toxicol Sci. 2010;116:577–589. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq148. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Matyjas-Zgondek E, Bacciarelli A, Rybicki E, Szynkowska MI, Kołodziejczyk M. Antibacterial properties of silver-finished textiles. Fibres Text East Eur. 2008;16:101–107.
Filipowska B, Rybicki E, Walawska A, Matyjas-Zgondek E. New method for the antibacterial and antifungal modification of silver finished textiles. Fibres Text East Eur. 2011;19:124–128.
Murugadoss A, Chattopadhyay A. A ‘green’ chitosan–silver nanoparticle composite as a heterogeneous as well as micro-heterogeneous catalyst. Nanotechnology. 2008;19:015603. doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/01/015603. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Damm C, Münstedt H. Kinetic aspects of the silver ion release from antimicrobial polyamide/silver nanocomposites. Appl Phys A. 2008;91:479–486. doi: 10.1007/s00339-008-4434-1. [Cross Ref]
Sanpui P, Murugadoss A, Prasad PV, Ghosh SS, Chattopadhyay A. The antibacterial properties of a novel chitosan-Ag-nanoparticle composite. Int J Food Microbiol. 2008;124:142–146. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2008.03.004. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Fayaz AM, Ao Z, Girilal M, Chen L, Xiao X, Kalaichelvan PT, Yao X. Inactivation of microbial infectiousness by silver nanoparticles-coated condom: a new approach to inhibit HIV- and HSV-transmitted infection. Int J Nanomed. 2012;7:5007–5018. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
Shi C, Zhu Y, Ran X, Wang M, Su Y, Cheng T. Therapeutic potential of chitosan and its derivatives in regenerative medicine. J Surg Res. 2006;133:185–192. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.12.013. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
Mori Y, Tagawa T, Fujita M, Kuno T, Suzuki S, Matsui T, Ishihara M. Simple and environmentally friendly preparation and size control of silver nanoparticles using an inhomogeneous system with silver-containing glass powder. J Nanopart Res. 2011;13:2799–2806. doi: 10.1007/s11051-010-0168-z. [Cross Ref]
Reed LJ, Muench H. A simple method of estimating fifty per cent endpoints. Am J Hyg. 1938;27:493–497.
LaBarre DD, Lowy RJ. Improvements in methods for calculating virus titer estimates from TCID50 and plaque assays. J Virol Methods. 2001;96:107–126. doi: 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00316-0. [PubMed] [Cross Ref]
An J, Luo Q, Yuan X, Wang D, Li X. Preparation and characterization of silver-chitosan nanocomposite particles with antimicrobial activity. J Appl Polym Sci. 2011;120:3180–3189. doi: 10.1002/app.33532. [Cross Ref]
Sosa IO, Noguez C, Barrera RG. Optical properties of metal nanoparticles with arbitrary shapes. J Phys Chem B. 2003;107:6269–6275. doi: 10.1021/jp0274076. [Cross Ref]
Lara HH, Garza-Treviño EN, Ixtepan-Turrent L, Singh DK. Silver nanoparticles are broad-spectrum bactericidal and virucidal compounds. J Nanobiotechnology. 2011;9:30. doi: 10.1186/1477-3155-9-30. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Cross Ref]

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Silver nanospheres are cytotoxic and genotoxic to fish cells.[Aquat Toxicol. 2010]
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[rummer]

How many research reports akin to this one does it take to convince you of silver's anti-viral activity? Why isn't anyone searching for the truth?


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Nanoscale Res Lett
v.8(1); 2013
PMC3606407

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Performing your original search, SILVER ANTIVIRAL, in PMC will retrieve 2468 records.

Nanoscale Res Lett. 2013; 8(1): 93.
Published online Feb 20, 2013. doi: 10.1186/1556-276X-8-93
PMCID: PMC3606407
Antiviral activity of silver nanoparticle/chitosan composites against H1N1 influenza A virus


Silver nanoparticle (Ag NP)/chitosan (Ch) composites with antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza A virus were prepared. The Ag NP/Ch composites were obtained as yellow or brown floc-like powders following reaction at room temperature in aqueous medium. Ag NPs (3.5, 6.5, and 12.9 nm average diameters) were embedded into the chitosan matrix without aggregation or size alternation. The antiviral activity of the Ag NP/Ch composites was evaluated by comparing the TCID50 ratio of viral suspensions treated with the composites to untreated suspensions. For all sizes of Ag NPs tested, antiviral activity against H1N1 influenza A virus increased as the concentration of Ag NPs increased; chitosan alone exhibited no antiviral activity. Size dependence of the Ag NPs on antiviral activity was also observed: antiviral activity was generally stronger with smaller Ag NPs in the composites. These results indicate that Ag NP/Ch composites interacting with viruses exhibit antiviral activity.
Keywords: Organic/metal nanocomposites, Biomass materials, Antimicrobial materials, Polysaccharides, Nanotoxicity







That still does not prove it is effective against the ebola virus. H1N1 influenza A virus is not the Ebola virus. Not all viruses are the same and react the same way to agents that are applied to them.

 

[ainitfunny]

YES THE TRUTH IS SILVER NP (Nanoparticles)HAS BEEN RESEARCHED AND LABORATORY TESTED TO PROVE IT DOES KILL EBOLA VIRUS.

That knowledge WAS DECLASSIFIED IN 2009!!
I do not know HOW LONG THE GOVERNMENT HAS KNOWN IT KILLED EBOLA BEFORE THEY DECLASSIFIED THAT KNOWLEDGE in 2009..

Go here to a pdf to read it; (I cannot figure out how to copy and paste the SHOCKING 22 page DOCUMENT!!)
They seem to have put code in to disallow what I am trying to do(repost it here)
You just have to GO READ IT YOURSELF....It is shocking.
http://www.thesilveredge.com/pdf/de...cles-neutralize-hemorrhagic-fever-viruses.pdf

ARE YOU HAPPY NOW?
NOW WILL YOU LISTEN?

THIS IS THE BEST I CAN DO. If you do not GO TO THE LINK, You do not see the 20 pages of CHARTS that pictures and makes sense of the information and numbers you read here!!
http://www.thesilveredge.com/pdf/de...cles-neutralize-hemorrhagic-fever-viruses.pdf

UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Silver nanoparticle neutralization of hemorrhagic
fever viruses
Novel Nanotechnology-Based
Antiviral Agents:
Janice Speshock, Ph.D.
Saber Hussain, Ph.D.
Applied Biotechnology Branch
711
th
Human Performance Wing
Air Force Research Laboratory
Cleared for public release 88ABW-2009-4491
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
2
Nanomaterials
•
Size (< 100nm)
•
Optical (metal &
Semiconductors
•
Magnetic (metal)
•
Surface reactivity
•
Catalytic activity
(high surface area)
•
Bioaffinity
•
Surface modification
Unique Properties
DOD Applications
•
Biosensors
•
Antimicrobial
Agents
•
Munitions
•
Propellants
•
Coatings
•
Smart Suits
Challenges
•
Toxicity
•
Reproducibility
•
Stability of
coatings/functional
groups
•
bioaffinity
•
Effects on protein
activity
•
Effects on gene
expression
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
3
Silver Nanoparticles
UNCOATED
POLYSACCHARIDE
COATED
10 nm
25 nm
12.78
±
0.13
Dr. Steve Oldenburg, NanoComposix
9.48
±
4.286
Dr. Dan Goia, Clarkston University
27.474
±
9.062
Dr. Karl Martin, Novacentrix
25.98
±
8.38
Dr. Dan Goia, Clarkston University
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
4
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses
Arenaviridae
•
South american HFV,
Lassa Fever, LCMV
•
Enveloped, RNA viruses
•
No effective therapies
•
Candid#1 vaccine
•
5-35% fatality rate
Filoviridae
•
Ebola and Marburg
•
Enveloped, RNA viruses
•
No effective therapies
•
Vaccine in Phase I trials
•
Up to 90% fatality rate
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Tacaribe Virus
5
•
New World (Tacaribe) Complex
–
Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and
Sabia
•
Tacaribe virus is a biochemically and
serologically close relative of the
CDC category A arenaviruses but
has a low pathogenic potential for
humans
•
Experimentally:
–
Cytopathic effect in vero cells
–
lethal meningoencephalitis in mice
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Arenavirus Experimental Setup
6
0 hour
1 h.p.i
Vero cells
2 h.p.i
Confocal Microscopy
Cell surface expression
4 h.p.i
Confocal Microscopy
Virus internalization
4 d.p.i
qRT-PCR
8 d.p.i
Harvest Progeny Virus
TCID
50
determination
12 h.p.i
TEM
Virus internalization
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TCRV Progeny Virus Production
7
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Cell Surface TCRV Expression
8
Negative Control
10 nm 50 μg/ml
25 nm 50 μg/ml
PositiveControl
10 nm 10 μg/ml
25 nm 10 μg/ml
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Dynamic Light Scattering
9
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TCRV Internalization into Vero Cells
10
Untreated TCRV
TCRV + 10nm Ag
TCRV + 25nm Ag
TCRV + 25nm Ag
•
Ag-NP-treated TCRV is internalized into infected Vero cells
•
Ag-NPs and TCRV interact inside the cell lysosomes
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
TCRV Internalization into Vero Cells
11
•
Ag-NPs facilitate uptake of TCRV into Vero cells
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Nucleoprotein RNA Expression
12
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Mechanism of Ag-NP Inhibition
13
v
vRNA
mRNA
viral protein synthesis
packaging
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Filovirus
14
•
qRT-PCR detection of internalized eVLPs using
Gp as a marker
•
Confocal Microscopy of eVLP cell surface
binding
•
Confocal Microscopy of eVLP internalization
•
Cathepsin B and L activity in Vero cells.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Ebola Virus-Like Particles
15
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Cell Surface eVLP Expression
16
10nm PS-coated
Ag 10μg/ml
10nm PS-coated
Ag 50μg/ml
25nm PS-coated
Ag 10μg/ml
25nm PS-coated
Ag 50μg/ml
eVLPs
(positive control)
10nm uncoated
Ag 10μg/ml
10nm uncoated
Ag 50μg/ml
25nm uncoated
Ag 10μg/ml
25nm uncoated
Ag 50μg/ml
Vero cells
(negative control)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
eVLP Internalization into Vero Cells
17
Negative Control
10nm 10
μ
g
10nm 50
μ
g
Positive Control
25nm 10
μ
g
25nm 50
μ
g
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Cathepsin Activity
18
Cathepsin B
L. Jayashankar, Acharya Nagarjuna University , Guntur
•
Bulk and Nano Silver have been
shown to inhibit enzyme activity.
•
Silver binds readily to thiol
groups.
•
Cathepsin B has been shown to
have an essential role in Ebola
virus replication.
•
Cathepsin L has an accessory
role in Ebola virus replication.
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Cathepsin Inhibition
19
10nm Ag 10μg/ml
10nm Ag 50μg/ml
25nm Ag 10μg/ml
25nm Ag 50μg/ml
Cathepsin B
(positive control)
10nm Ag 10μg/ml
10nm Ag 50μg/ml
25nm Ag 10μg/ml
25nm Ag 50μg/ml
Cathepsin L
(positive control)
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Conclusions
20
•
Ag-NPs neutralize TCRV infection
•
Decrease in S segment gene expression
•
Decrease in progeny virus production
•
Ag-NPs do not prevent the internalization of
TCRV
•
Ag-NPs and TCRV interact inside the cell
•
Mechanism of inhibition occurs between endocytosis
and vRNA gene production
•
Ag-NPs have a similar effect on eVLPs
•
Ag-NPs decrease cathepsin activity
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
Acknowledgements
21
•
Dr. Schlager (AFRL/RHPB) and Col. Reilly (AFRL/RH)
•
Funding: DTRA (proposal #4.10036_07_AHB_B) & JSTO/DTRA – NRC
Postdoctoral Fellowship Program (contract #F49620-02-C-0015)
AFRL/RHPB BIN Group
Nanoparticles
•
Dr. Karl Martin
(Novacentrix, Austin,
TX)
•
Dr. Steven Oldenburg
(NanoComposix, San Diego, CA)
•
Dr. Dan Goia
(Clarkson University,
Center for Advanced Materials
Processing, Potsdam, NY)
Ebola virus-like particles
•
Dr. Kelly Warfield
(USAMRIID)
Dr. Laura Braydich-Stolle, Crai
g Murdock, Eric Szymanski
Dr. Amanda Schrand – not pictured
UNCLASSIFIED
UNCLASSIFIED
22
Comments/Questions

 

[Adino]

SILVER KILLS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PERIOD. It is A FACT.

GO READ UP:
http://4brevard.com/colloidal-silver.htm

i really wish it did kill viruses inside your body but that has not been my experience

not once has it worked to help eliminate a cold or flu that has moved thru this house

it can help w/ secondary infections but it does not kill viruses reproducing inside your body

i am a big proponent of cs and really wish it would work on ebola but i have slim to no hope it will help w/ ebola. and slim done left the building

 

[dogmanan]

i really wish it did kill viruses inside your body but that has not been my experience

not once has it worked to help eliminate a cold or flu that has moved thru this house

it can help w/ secondary infections but it does not kill viruses reproducing inside your body

i am a big proponent of cs and really wish it would work on ebola but i have slim to no hope it will help w/ ebola. and slim done left the building

Well in my house we use it for cold/flus and it works very well every time.

I put it in a nasel sprayer and spray it up my nose, and that is where most colds/flus get a foot hold in your body by breathing in the bugs.

 

[dogmanan]

SILVER KILLS VIRUSES AND BACTERIA PERIOD. It is A FACT.

GO READ UP:
http://4brevard.com/colloidal-silver.htm

Yep you go get them..

I have run in to road blocks in the real world and on here where silver is conserned and I've given up on people.

I also run in to road blocks about the uses for oregano oil and oil of oregano some people just don't want to listen or do the research.

They would rather listen to summerthyme or a couple others and take their word as gospel in stead of doing some research their selfs on things.

You should never trust anything until you prove it for your self, that has always been my thought.


Just so I don't get to many pissed at me, I think summerthyme and thoses couple others have a lot of good info but they don't know everything.

 

[ainitfunny]

i really wish it did kill viruses inside your body but that has not been my experience

not once has it worked to help eliminate a cold or flu that has moved thru this house

it can help w/ secondary infections but it does not kill viruses reproducing inside your body

i am a big proponent of cs and really wish it would work on ebola but i have slim to no hope it will help w/ ebola. and slim done left the building

Does EVERYONE have trouble with READING COMPREHENSION>>>???
IS EVERYONE just twisting and turning what I said trying to find SOME way to refute my advice??
I NEVER said colloidal silver was a TREATMENT for Ebola!!
RE-READ what I said and what to do with CS.

I HAVE PROVEN THAT COLLOIDAL SILVER KILLS THE EBOLA VIRUS....outside of the body ON "FOMITES" (THE LAST RESEARCH REPORT indicates that it inhibits E-BOLA reproduction INSIDE CELLS but that was with the cells/tissue OUTSIDE of the body in some lab petri dish, I believe. How it might safely get inside the cells is a delivery mechanism I am not addressing.

A fomes (pronounced /ˈfoʊmiːz/) or fomite (/ˈfoʊmaɪt/) is any object or substance capable of carrying infectious organisms, such as germs or parasites, and hence transferring them from one individual to another. Skin cells, hair, clothing, and bedding are common hospital sources of contamination.

Fomites are associated particularly with hospital acquired infections (HAI), as they are possible routes to pass pathogens between patients. Stethoscopes and neckties are two such fomites associated with health care providers. Basic hospital equipment, such as IV drip tubes, catheters, and life support equipment can also be carriers, when the pathogens form biofilms on the surfaces. Careful sterilization of such objects prevents cross-infection.

Researchers have discovered that smooth (non-porous) surfaces (e.g. door knobs) transmit bacteria and viruses better than porous materials (e.g. paper money).[1][2] The reason is that porous, especially fibrous, materials absorb and trap the contagion, making it harder to contract through simple touch.

 

[dogmanan]

yep that what you said some don't read to well just like I don't spell to well.


Here is a link to a thread from couple weeks ago with lots of good info on treating this killer bug.

http://www.timebomb2000.com/vb/show...Doctor-Releases-Treatment-for-the-Ebola-Virus

 

[Adino]

bleach kills it outside the body too

and its a lot cheaper

people keep thinking this level 4 pathogen is like something they have seen before

its not

isolation will be what saves people

want to survive ebola?

don't come into contact w/ it

its the ONLY way

outside miracles that is

 

[MtnGal]

We use CS for all colds, flu, etc along with elderberry and C and have had great success in it cutting the duration. We too use it in a nasal sprayer and it seems to prevent the other from getting colds/flu. We use it as a disinfectant on surfaces and laundry when sick.

I had a friend using it regularly as a topical for MRSA while visiting and the results were amazing. She went home and stopped using it when she should have continued the course and the MRSA promptly broke through again. I'm confident if she would have continued it would have stopped it.

As far as curing Ebola, I doubt it. It may slow it down along with Elderberry and vit C in high doses to the point where it is survivable and does not enter the hemorrhagic stage. With CS, elderberry and C the body would have a better chance of fighting it off. As a disinfectant, it probably does kill the Ebola outside the body.

Heck, anything is worth a try!