ENVR Ozone hole

[Knoxville's Joker]

After having a spat with someone saying there were multiple holes in the ozone. I looked things up myself. Not really

These are image sites. I am not pasting for sake of brevity and for those with limited bandwidth.
Maximum ozone hole extent over the southern hemisphere, from 1979 to 2019 — European Environment Agency (europa.eu)

World Wide Daily Ozone Map (eldoradoweather.com)

Our ozone layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet solar radiation. Ozone is a gas made up of three oxygen atoms. Just like any other gas, it circulates in the atmosphere. During autumn months ultraviolet energy [UV] from the sun splits chlorine molecules residing in the atmosphere above the South Pole. These chlorine atoms are highly reactive and begin to turn ozone (O3) into molecular oxygen (O2), which causes the infamous Antarctic ozone hole. Holes are not limited to the South Pole only however. They also form in the North Pole and other regions around the world. The Antarctic hole is famous due to the size and relative longevity, compared to other locations on earth. NOAA's polar orbiting satellites are used to monitor the ozone hole. This daily imagery uses infrared and UV data combined from the POES HIRS and SBUV/2 sensors to measure the ozone concentration around the world. Areas colored in shades of blue are normal or safe levels of stratospheric ozone; areas colored red are below the 220 Dobson Unit level and are considered dangerously low.​

Source: NOAA




NASA Ozone Watch: Latest status of ozone
Ozone facts
What is ozone?
Ozone is a colorless gas. Chemically, ozone is very active; it reacts readily with a great many other substances. Near the Earth’s surface, those reactions cause rubber to crack, hurt plant life, and damage people’s lung tissues. But ozone also absorbs harmful components of sunlight, known as “ultraviolet B”, or “UV-B”. High above the surface, above even the weather systems, a tenuous layer of ozone gas absorbs UV-B, protecting living things below.
What is a Dobson Unit?
The Dobson Unit (DU) is the unit of measure for total ozone. If you were to take all the ozone in a column of air stretching from the surface of the earth to space, and bring all that ozone to standard temperature (0 °Celsius) and pressure (1013.25 millibars, or one atmosphere, or “atm”), the column would be about 0.3 centimeters thick. Thus, the total ozone would be 0.3 atm-cm. To make the units easier to work with, the “Dobson Unit” is defined to be 0.001 atm-cm. Our 0.3 atm-cm would be 300 DU.
What is the ozone hole?
Each year for the past few decades during the Southern Hemisphere spring, chemical reactions involving chlorine and bromine cause ozone in the southern polar region to be destroyed rapidly and severely. This depleted region is known as the “ozone hole”. The area of the ozone hole is determined from a map of total column ozone. It is calculated from the area on the Earth that is enclosed by a line with a constant value of 220 Dobson Units. The value of 220 Dobson Units is chosen since total ozone values of less than 220 Dobson Units were not found in the historic observations over Antarctica prior to 1979. Also, from direct measurements over Antarctica, a column ozone level of less than 220 Dobson Units is a result of the ozone loss from chlorine and bromine compounds.




But getting to things it does appear there is information indicating the hole recently got bigger. But if you look at the historical photos, it is a cycle. We are in a grand solar maximum to come into a grand solar minimum so fluctuations in extremes, very much possible.

Given all the COVID stuff this is indicative that human activity is not causing this.

Watch air pollution flow across the planet in real time | Science | AAAS
China's air is notoriously toxic: Each year, it contributes to the premature deaths of some 1.6 million people. Concerned about how such pollution was affecting his family, Beijing-based data scientist Yann Boquillod founded AirVisual Earth, an online air pollution map that uses data from satellites and more than 8000 monitoring stations to display global air pollution in real time. The AirVisual Earth interactive maps prevailing wind patterns and shows color-coded concentrations of PM2.5—airborne particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter that can penetrate deep into the lungs. Users can zoom in, tilt, and spin the globe for better viewing. The air pollution visualization was crafted "so people really understand how bad it is," says Boquillod, who hopes an informed citizenry will pressure governments and communities to clear the air. AirVisual also delivers 3-day air pollution forecasts for 6000 cities to smartphones, and it recently began selling low-cost monitors people can use to track indoor and outdoor air pollution. "People want to share that data," Boquillod says.




Note that there is no clear picture of airflow around China. Gee wonder why? But it is apparent that pollution from China and Asia is not a contributor to the phenomena of the ozone, the airflows do not have cross oceanic flows for a straight path to allow pathogens or pollutants to affect this.

Whatever is occuring around the South Pole is entirely outside of human hands. It is a geological and intrasolar process, nothing terrestrially based as a source.

The Earth's orbit around the Sun | Earth Space Lab – interactive 3D animations
This is a model that gives you a better idea of things. Perhaps it is solar activity causing the hole, not human interactions?

Or at least that is my initial read pulling these sources together.

 

[West]

I've read everything I can on this subject since the mid 80s.

Here is a nutshell and I mean BS mostly...

Quote....

Ozone Depletion...
By the 1980s the CFCs and HCFCs were used not only as refrigerants but as foam-blowing agents, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants for personal care products. They were everywhere. In 1973 Lovelock et al.29 reported that nearly all of the R-11 and R-12 that had ever been produced was still in the atmosphere. Their interest was in using the CFCs as tracer gases for atmospheric studies. They stated that “The presence of these compounds constitutes no conceivable hazard” and “CCl3F [R-11] … does not disturb the environment.” The next year Molina and Rowland30 hypothesized that the sink for the CFCs was in the stratosphere where they would be dissociated by ultraviolet radiation, releasing atomic chlorine that would destroy ozone. Following corroborating studies, the use of CFCs as aerosol propellants was banned in 1978 in the United States. By 1982 many further studies had been carried out, and a summary by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences31 concluded that continued production of R-11 and R-12 at 1977 levels would result in an eventual reduction in global ozone of 5 to 7%. The issue of ozone depletion faded from public consciousness, although research on the topic continued, as did the use of the CFCs as refrigerants.

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer32 was approved in 1985; this treaty provided for the sharing of research on ozone and established a framework for regulating the production of ozone-depleting substances. Shortly after, Farman et al.33 discovered the “ozone hole” over the Antarctic. Ozone exists at relatively high concentrations in the stratosphere; the “ozone hole” is not really a hole where no ozone is present, but rather an area of reduced ozone concentration in the stratosphere over the southern polar region. It is defined as the region over Antarctica with a total ozone concentration of 220 Dobson units or lower.34 The following year Solomon et al.35 reported balloonsonde data collected in the Antarctic spring that demonstrated that chlorine chemistry occurring on the surfaces of polar stratospheric clouds were responsible for the ozone hole and that the ClO (chlorine monoxide) behind these reactions originated from the CFCs.

These discoveries renewed the urgency to reduce the use of CFCs and led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer36 in 1987. The original Montreal Protocol called only for a 50% reduction in the production of five of the most-common CFCs (including R-11 and R-12) as well as three Halons (used as fire-extinguishing agents), and some in the refrigeration industry felt that the remaining 50% of CFC production should be reserved for refrigerant usage. But, subsequent amendments to the Montreal Protocol mandated the complete phase-out of the CFCs as well as several HCFCs. Thus, began the “third generation” of refrigerants, characterized by Calm3 as “ozone protection.”

End quote.

From..

(R)Evolution of Refrigerants

As we enter the “fourth generation” of refrigerants, we consider the evolution of refrigerant molecules, the ever-changing constraints and regulations that have driven the need to consider new molecules, and the advancements in the tools ...

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

I'll post more later and my own conclusions.

 

[Charmer153]

When I was a kid I remember hearing about holes in the ozone, and how the UV from the sun would burn up everything in those areas. I did not know what to think of it till I saw a documentary about how lightning anywhere in the world makes ozone, and the global jet stream carries it to where the amount is thin, to repair it. There could never be a hole since freshly created ozone was always being delivered to any thin spots. There could only be areas of thicker, and thinner ozone.

I rarely ever thought about it after seeing that. I do not know if that was true, or just propaganda, but I do know I do not need to worry about it. GOD(YHVH) is in charge.

 

[Profit of Doom]

We also needed new patented freons, the originals were now generic.

 

[West]

First off CFCs and HCFCs are excellent and pure refrigerants. Meaning their not mixed refrigerants and don't have to work at pressures much over 300 psi. Making them more efficient than today's basterd mixed refrigerants that can reach pressures of 600 psi and more.

And obviously the higher the pressures the more electricity is used. Granted the newer systems are more efficient but only because of other advantages of the overall design of moving heat in condensers and evaporators. Better compressors, coils and other electric motors compensate for the short fall of the basterd newer refrigerants. If you added these advantages to the older CFCs and HCFCs refrigerants, your newer AC would be even more efficient.

The higher the pressures the more likely for leaks. And the new stuff being a mixed refrigerant if you have a leak it can throw off the mix. Meaning you really shouldn't just add a bit of refrigerant to top off the unit. Best to dump the whole charge and start over.

I got more to say about our upper ozone layer and how the old refrigerants have and had nothing to do with our upper ozone layers.

But will do it in another post. If the OP is okay with that.

 

[subnet]

"By the 1980s the CFCs and HCFCs were used not only as refrigerants but as foam-blowing agents, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants for personal care products."

Basically everything that actually worked as intended.

 

[Knoxville's Joker]

"By the 1980s the CFCs and HCFCs were used not only as refrigerants but as foam-blowing agents, cleaning solvents, and aerosol propellants for personal care products."

Basically everything that actually worked as intended.

And nothing that would have flowed to that part of the world...

 

[West]

The only thing that might (man made upper ozone destroyer) and I believe it does effect our upper Ozone layer the one that we need to protect us and our planet is space shots, and high flying aircraft.

CFCs and HCFCs released from the earth's surface doesn't effect our upper ozone, and never would of even if we still used it today in hairspray, ACs. Etc.... it's heavier than air, and sunlight does indeed kill it and turns it into chlorine, but at the earth's surface. Or if it did happen to make it up by wind currents at night, even on a cloudy day once it got above the clouds the sun would kill it, and the chlorine will fall back down. Maybe if there was enough pollution help make acid rain.

Just high flying air planes and or space shots.

 

[Double_A]

Calif should have a program that recruits lesbians (Dikes) we will launch them into the lower atmosphere using the Dikes to plug the O holes.

I’ve heard stupider things from politicians

 

[subnet]

And nothing that would have flowed to that part of the world...

Yeah its interesting how its mainly western nations pushing the BS yet all it amounts to is, sending our dirty crap somewhere else...
Its like your mother telling you clean your room and you just stuff everything into the closet...the dirt is just somewhere else, but hey the room is clean..lol

 

[West]

It's way worse.

The reason I posted the history above in my first post is because it was because of the ozone scam we all got shafted, not only with expensive new ACs, but mostly because it started all this global warming and alike BS!

It gave a foothold to the new environmental socialism scam into our once great Nation.

First successful scam...

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer32 was approved in 1985.

And then this POS protocol...

These discoveries(lies and half truths) renewed the urgency to reduce the use of CFCs and led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer36 in 1987.

The two above scams need to be overthrown, discarded and huge apologies giving to the citizens. And the so called PHDs that pushed these BS half truths and lies, need to be fined and or kicked out of the US.

 

[Knoxville's Joker]

It's way worse.

The reason I posted the history above in my first post is because it was because of the ozone scam we all got shafted, not only with expensive new ACs, but mostly because it started all this global warming and alike BS!

It gave a foothold to the new environmental socialism scam into our once great Nation.

First successful scam...

The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer32 was approved in 1985.

And then this POS protocol...

These discoveries(lies and half truths) renewed the urgency to reduce the use of CFCs and led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer36 in 1987.

The two above scams need to be overthrown, discarded and huge apologies giving to the citizens. And the so called PHDs that pushed these BS half truths and lies, need to be fined and or kicked out of the US.

Little beore my time or before the time I was aware of what was really messed up in things...

 

[Profit of Doom]

Some background. Looking for more. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi...99-0836(199711)6:5<276::AID-BSE123>3.0.CO;2-A

 

[Profit of Doom]

http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/another_day_another_dollar_cfcs_and_the_un.pdf

 

[Knoxville's Joker]

http://scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/originals/another_day_another_dollar_cfcs_and_the_un.pdf

ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER
DOLLAR – CFC'S AND THE UN
by Dennis Ambler
SPPI ORIGINAL PAPER ♦ August 31, 2010

ANOTHER DAY, ANOTHER DOLLAR – CFC’S AND THE UN
by Dennis Ambler | August 31, 2010
Even the UN and the EU are wising up to the greenhouse gas scam, "the biggest environmental scandal in history", says Christopher Booker in the Sunday Telegraph. “Indeed this is a scam so glaringly bizarre that even the UN and the EU have belatedly announced that they are thinking of taking steps to stop it. The essence of the scam is that a handful of Chinese and Indian firms are deliberately producing large quantities of an incredibly powerful "greenhouse gas" which we in the West – including UK taxpayers – then pay them billions of dollars to destroy.”
The CFC story is a parallel for the CO2 story and was another EPA “cause celebre”. Claims of dramatic changes to the atmosphere were made; time was running out, the world was in danger and it could only be saved by “Global Action”.
For public consumption it is usually stated that the Ozone hole was first discovered in 1985, by British scientists Joseph Farman, Brian Gardiner, and Jonathan Shanklin of the British Antarctic Survey, although NASA stake a claim for two years earlier.
However on the BAS website it states that they have been monitoring ozone in the Antarctic since 1956. One wonders why, in all that time, they found no problem, when CFC’s had been in use for refrigeration since the 1930’s. Suddenly, in 1985, it was discovered for the first time. Or was it?
“Atmospheric ozone is measured in Dobson Units, (DU), named for the Oxford academic Gordon Miller Bourne Dobson (1889-1976), one of the pioneers of atmospheric ozone research and inventor of the Dobson Spectrophotometer, used to measure atmospheric ozone from the ground. During the International Geophysical Year of 1956 there was a significant increase in the number of these devices in use around the globe and the Halley Bay (Antarctica) anomaly was discovered.”
In a paper titled "Forty Years' Research on Atmospheric Ozone at Oxford: A History" (Applied Optics, March 1968), Dobson described an ozone monitoring program that began at Halley Bay in 1956.
“When the data began to arrive, "the values in September and October 1956 were about 150 [Dobson] units lower than expected. ... In November the ozone values suddenly jumped up to those expected. ... It was not until a year later, when the same type of annual variation was repeated, that we realized that the early results were indeed correct and that Halley Bay showed a most interesting difference from other parts of the world."
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The BAS web site has data for 2009-10 and reports that:
“Ozone values dropped, to reach a minimum of around 125 DU (60% depletion) in late September, (Antarctic spring). The lowest daily value measured was 107 DU on October 1. This minimum value is similar to those recorded each October since the early 1990s.”
It is also similar to those in the spring of 1958 at the French Antarctic Observatory at Dumont d'Urville [opposite side of the South Pole from Halley Bay], when Rigaud and Leroy [quoted in Annales Geophysicae (November, 1990)] reported atmospheric ozone levels as low as 110 DU.
GLOBAL WARMING’S LITTLE BROTHER
In 1974, Mario Molina, a postdoctoral researcher at UC Irvine, co-authored a paper in Nature highlighting the threat of CFCs to the ozone layer in the stratosphere. CFCs were then widely used as chemical propellants and refrigerants. In September 1974, he and his co-author, Frank Sherwood Rowland, convened a press conference at a meeting of the American Chemical Society, in which they called for a complete ban on further releases of CFCs into the atmosphere. A review of their work by the National Academy of Sciences in 1976 led to the US unilaterally banning the use of CFC’s in aerosols in 1978. This ultimately led to the ‘Montreal Protocol On Substances That Deplete The Ozone Layer’ (Montreal Protocol), in 1987 and a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Molina, Rowland and Paul Crutzen from the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, in 1995.
The Montreal Protocol's provisions were tightened in 1990 and again in 1992, culminating with a CFC ban in most developed nations by 1996.
The measurement of CFC decline is derived from manufacturing figures. The reality was somewhat different, in that, because of the panic surrounding CFC’s, fridges were suddenly dumped and in the UK alone, hundreds of thousands of appliances were stored in the open air, rusting and leaking CFC’s to the atmosphere. Of course those losses were not measured, but the official position is that the Ozone Hole over the Antarctic has been resolved by phasing out CFC’s as a result of International Action. The Montreal Protocol set the scene for the Kyoto Protocol to control CO2 emissions.
Since its replacement by anthropogenic CO2 global warming claims, the issue of CFC damage to the ozone layer no longer receives critical examination. Instead we get statements claiming this was a classic international regulatory success in controlling the excesses of human existence.
It seems, however, that reports of ozone’s “recovery” are greatly exaggerated. In August 2006, the WMO issued this statement:
Antarctic ozone forecasted to recover in 2065.
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A new scientific assessment, released Friday by the World Meteorological Organization, WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) says that the stratospheric ozone layer that protects life on Earth from excessive solar radiation will recover five to15 years later than previously expected.
Because of special conditions within the Antarctic vortex (a natural cyclone of super-cold, super-fast winds), the Antarctic ozone hole is expected to recur regularly for another two decades.
UNEP and WMO are both subsidiaries of the UN and also joint promoters of the IPCC. Their assessment suggests that this is more of a natural phenomenon than is admitted. They explain why there is no Arctic ozone hole in the Northern hemisphere, where most of the anthropogenic CFC’s have been released, by the fact that the Arctic is not as cold as the Antarctic.
However, there are those who predict an Arctic Ozone Hole to come.
“An Arctic Ozone Hole, if similar in size to the Antarctic Ozone Hole, could expose over 700+ million people, wildlife and plants to dangerous UV ray levels. The likely hood of this happening seems inevitable based on the deterioration of ozone layer caused by the effects of global warming on the upper atmosphere.”
So these happy souls don’t even bring CFC’s into the picture for their scary scenario.
There is of course, no knowledge of whether the Antarctic ozone hole has been growing and shrinking since time immemorial, before anyone ever thought to measure it and link it to CFC’s.
NATURAL SOURCES OF CFC’S?
It is emphatically claimed by the EPA and repeated in all discourse on the issue, that there are no natural sources of CFC’s. There is considerable evidence to show that their stance is wrong, as shown on the website of an Australian geologist:
"CFCs are not Volcanic" - Oh Really?
“This statement is one that I keep seeing on websites and blogs, and ties in with the assertions repeated by Warrick & Farmer (1990), Grimston (1992), Hendeles et al. (2007), Colice (2007), Colice (2008), and Green & Stewart (2008, p. 18) to the effect that CFCs are not natural in the environment.
If one chooses to measure the gases emerging from volcanic vents instead of taking a politician's word for it, one discovers that volcanoes produce a variety of halocarbons, including CFCs. This fact, along with other natural
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sources of CFCs including sponges, other marine animals, bacteria (both marine & terrestrial), fungi (both marine & terrestrial), plants (both marine & terrestrial), lichen, insects, is so well documented that it is the subject of ongoing textbook publication (Gribble, 2003; Jordan, 2003). Stoiber et al. (1971) first measured and documented CFCs venting from Santiaguito in Guatemala.
Since, (then) there have been many studies corroborating the volcanic emission of CFCs (Isidorov et al, 1990; Isidorov et al., 1993; Jordon et al., 2000; Schwandner et al., 2000; Schwandner et al., 2002; Schwandner et al., 2004; Frische et al., 2006).”
Volcanoes are not the only source of natural emissions, as shown by the British Antarctic Survey, who in July 2007, issued this press release:
“LARGE quantities of ozone-depleting chemicals have been discovered in the Antarctic atmosphere by researchers from the University of Leeds, the University of East Anglia, and the British Antarctic Survey.
The team of atmospheric chemists carried out an 18-month study of the make- up of the lowest part of the earth's atmosphere on the Brunt Ice Shelf, about 20 km from the Weddell Sea. They found high concentrations of halogens - bromine and iodine oxides – which persist throughout the period when there is sunlight in Antarctica (August through May).”
(The valuable fumigant and pesticide, Methyl Bromide, has been almost universally banned because of its claimed effect on the ozone layer.)
“A big surprise to the science team was the large quantities of iodine oxide, since this chemical has not been detected in the Arctic.
The source of the halogens is natural – sea-salt in the case of bromine, and in the case of iodine, almost certainly bright orange algae that coat the underside of the sea ice around the continent.
These halogens cause a substantial depletion in ozone above the ice surface. This affects the so-called oxidising capacity of the atmosphere - its ability to "clean itself" by removing certain - often man-made - chemical compounds. The iodine oxides also form tiny particles (a few nanometres in size), which can grow to form ice clouds, with a consequent impact on the local climate.”
In the case of CO2, the role of natural emissions is greatly down-played. In the case of CFC’s it is totally denied. However because CFC’s are also classed as greenhouse gases, their destruction can qualify under the UN Clean Development Mechanism, CDM. This is the subject of a recent Reuter’s report, (June 2010), pointing out that some plants are producing
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this gas in order to then destroy it and claim Certificates of Emission Reduction, (CER) under the CDM.
“Findings released by CDM Watch, an initiative of non-governmental organizations, showed the most lucrative projects in the CDM, chemical plants that destroy a potent gas called hydrofluorocarbon-23 (HFC-23), may have inflated their emissions in order to destroy them and sell more offsets.”
It also found that plants produced less HFC-23 during periods when they were unable to request CDM offsets, called Certified Emissions Reductions (CERs).
"Analysis of monitoring data from all registered HFC-23 destruction projects revealed that plants are intentionally operated in a manner to maximize the production of CERs," CDM Watch said in a statement. "Because of the extra revenue ... far more HFC-23 is generated than would occur without the CDM."
Because HFC-23 traps nearly 12,000 times more heat than a molecule of carbon dioxide, and because it is cheap to destroy, HFC offsets account for more than half of the 420 million CERs issued to date by the U.N.'s climate change secretariat.
Industry participating in the EU's Emissions Trading Scheme, which forces firms to turn in carbon permits against every ton of carbon dioxide they emit, also surrendered over 100 million HFC credits in the past two years.
Slashing the flow of HFC offsets would starve an already scarce CER supply, expected to total under 1 billion by 2013.”
The report points out that “if the U.S. launches an emissions scheme that accepts CERs, global demand could exceed 10 billion tons by 2020, an amount unlikely to be met even with the current flow of HFC CER’s,” which of course would mean that even more Chinese and Indian chemical factories would be geared to producing more HFC 22 in order to destroy HFC 23 and receive payment for so doing.
This also requires that there is a market for HFC22, production of which was scheduled in the 1987 Montreal Protocol for phasing out in industrialised countries by 2030, although developing countries are allowed to expand production until 2015 and only stop producing the gases in 2040. This is the “contract and converge mechanism” in action again, as with CO2 emissions. If these gases are so dangerous, why can they be produced for another 30 years?
The CER market for CFC’s is one reason why proponents of global warming, who are involved in emissions trading, want a publicly supported floor price for CER’s. This is what they sought at Copenhagen and will seek again in Cancun at COP 16 and which has been the aim of the interim discussions held in Bonn and no doubt several more interim meetings to come.
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The UNFCCC CDM has provided funding for the destruction of HFC-23 from HCFC-22 produced in developing countries since 2003 and such countries have become the largest producers of HCFC-22 in recent years. HFC emissions are included in the Kyoto Protocol and are usually destroyed by high temperature incineration.
“Although typical incinerators that burn only HFC-23 produce six pounds of CO2 for every pound of HFC-23 burned, scrubbers in the smokestack prevent almost all of the CO2 produced from entering the atmosphere. This reduction in CO2 emissions occurs while scrubbing to remove hydrogen fluoride (HF) from the waste stream.”
HFC22 is currently used in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems and as a chemical feedstock for manufacturing synthetic polymers.
The abuses were first identified over three years ago and have continued since that time. This report is from February 2007.
“The creation of carbon credits from the destruction of the potent greenhouse gas (GHG) trifluoromethane (HFC23) has been one of the most controversial issues during the early life of the Kyoto Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM).
A by-product of the manufacture of the refrigerant HCFC22, many viewed HFC23 destruction projects as a cheap money-maker for a small number of industrial sites in a handful of developing countries that provided little discernible sustainable development benefit to those countries.
The 10 CDM projects registered so far that are destroying HFC23, have the potential to create around 350 million Certificates of Emission Reduction (CER’s) in Kyoto’s first commitment period (2008–12) out of a current expected total of about 1.8 billion from 500 registered projects.”
The annual UNFCCC beanfest known as the Conference of the Parties, was held in Nairobi in November 2006 and called COP12. At that conference, the Chinese delegation called for CER’s to be allowed for the destruction of HFC23 from new production, which had not been allowed before.
This was a licence to print money and the World Bank has been dispensing it wholesale. Green groups have been highlighting the way in which the Chinese in particular have been exploiting the scheme:
Chinese firms cashing in on EU carbon trade 16 July 2010
“European industries are subsidising direct competitors in China and India by
buying international credits to offset their carbon dioxide emissions, an
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NGO said in a new report. EU companies spent around €860 million last year buying 78 million international offset credits (CERs) in order to meet their emission caps under the EU's cap-and-trade scheme.
The credits, issued under the UN's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), are designed to allow companies to meet their targets more cost-effectively by financing projects that reduce greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries.
The CDM Methodologies Panel, which advises the CDM Executive Board, is currently investigating the crediting of projects that destroy HFC-23, a potent greenhouse gas, which is a by-product of manufacturing a refrigerant gas called HCFC-22.
A report by CDM Watch, a group of green NGOs, showed that companies were playing the system by producing more greenhouse gas than they would have done without the CDM in order to collect credits.
DestroyingHFC-23 only costs around €0.17 per tonne of CO2, and yet Europeans are paying around €11 - the price of one credit - to destroy one tonne, said Fionnuala Walravens of the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), an NGO.”
If it were climate sceptics who had raised the issue it would have been described as “climate denial”, but this campaign has been launched by NGO’s and the UN have to be seen to be doing something:
UN halts carbon credits to Chinese HFC plants 23 August 2010
A UN body said last Friday (20 July) it would review a request from a Chinese plant destroying HFC-23 to generate carbon credits after having blocked four similar requests in a bid to ensure that the plants do not deliberately boost their greenhouse gas emissions.
"The CDM has made destruction of HFC-23 so valuable that, at least for some manufacturers, it has become the product, not the by-product," said Clare Perry, senior campaigner at Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA).
The payment of these funds seem so removed from the average tax-payer that they do not get the sense that the money is coming from them, but the increase in energy costs is real and accelerating, precisely because of these EU and UN virtual trading schemes, which make Ponzi and Madoff look like rank amateurs.
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[Profit of Doom]

Thanks for the posting.

 

[Knoxville's Joker]

Thanks for the posting.

Anytime. I half use my smart phone so I get the copy paste issues.

 

[bracketquant]

How will this effect our flat earth?

Asking for a friend.

 

[Knoxville's Joker]

How will this effect our flat earth?

Asking for a friend.

It makes for a holey argument?

 

[West]

It makes for a holey argument?

It makes for the foundation of a environmental boondoggle giant scam of all time. And ushered in the global warming scam.

Because a PHD can't be wrong. Especially when there funding is from special interests or government bureaucratic expansion motives. Like from most government grants, another PHD mostly ran bureaucratic systems.

Just saying, not dissing anyone here, it's all good!

Hopefully we opened some eyes. Even if it's just one person.

 

[Toosh]

The evidence from the source below points to one hole. And, Russia as accidentally causing the hole back in the early 80's. They were testing a weather modification system to compete with our HAARP.

For those interested, you might go down this rabbit hole: Weather Modification History · Geoengineering Timeline and Educational Resource Check out the newspaper articles. Albeit, articles are not "truth" or "science" but one can see how the narrative has changed through the years and pick up tid bits of fresh data points for your specific research.

For me, the conversation is not about "climate change" but about "weather modification." Yes, there is climate change because they are messing with Mother Nature. What they do does a lot more damage than cow flatuance and me driving a fossil-fuel vehicle. What's amazing to me is how we can't identify who "they" is on any given day because there are so many different US govt agencies involved.

 

[West]

The evidence from the source below points to one hole. And, Russia as accidentally causing the hole back in the early 80's. They were testing a weather modification system to compete with our HAARP.

For those interested, you might go down this rabbit hole: Weather Modification History · Geoengineering Timeline and Educational Resource Check out the newspaper articles. Albeit, articles are not "truth" or "science" but one can see how the narrative has changed through the years and pick up tid bits of fresh data points for your specific research.

For me, the conversation is not about "climate change" but about "weather modification." Yes, there is climate change because they are messing with Mother Nature. What they do does a lot more damage than cow flatuance and me driving a fossil-fuel vehicle. What's amazing to me is how we can't identify who "they" is on any given day because there are so many different US govt agencies involved.

Don't dought it. But what we have to stay focused on is the fact that our hairspray, SUVs and ACs have nothing to do with it. And yet we pay for it. And pay bigly. As Al Gore laughs all the way to the bank with Dupont and alike.

 

[rob0126]

This interview nails this topic in summary along with a few others.

RT 51:48

View: https://youtu.be/cgadrer4Z6E


This doesnt seem like a joke.

Sounds like the ozone layer hole will be great in august and for several months after, on the southern pole.

Apparently it can cause a lot of destruction because of the UVB radiation.

David goes into detail about it, a ways into the video.

It is suspected that 'They' will use it to cause mass chaos, then slip a control solution in.

David and Jim talk about practical ways to prep for it, near the end of the video.

Dont panic, but do prep for it if you are able.

 

[Intestinal Fortitude]

Ozone Hole . . . . . > Gwnyeth Paltrow?

Gwyneth Paltrow Says She Inserts Ozone up Her Butt for 'Wellness'

Oscar-winning actress and Goop founder Gwyneth Paltrow revealed in a recent interview that she inserts ozone up her butt for "wellness."

www.breitbart.com

Gwyneth Paltrow Says She Inserts Ozone up Her Butt for ‘Wellness’​

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Brian Stukes/Getty Images
Alana Mastrangelo16 Mar 20234,883

2:33


Oscar-winning actress and Goop founder Gwyneth Paltrow revealed in a recent interview that she inserts ozone up her butt for “wellness.”
After being asked “What’s the weirdest wellness thing that you’ve done?” by Dr. Will Cole during her recent appearance on his The Art of Being Well podcast, Paltrow said, “I have used ozone therapy, rectally.”
“Can I say that? It’s pretty weird, but it’s been very helpful,” the Thanks for Sharing star added, laughing.
Rectal ozone therapy refers to the practice of inserting “medical grade ozone directly into the colon via the rectum,” according to the ozone therapy website, drsozone.com.
The rectal ozone therapy seeks to boost oxygen efficiency, balance the immune system, reduce oxidative stress, improve blood circulation, and “detoxify the body on a cellular level,” the website adds.

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“There may potentially be a role for ozone therapy someday, but right now it hasn’t been studied enough,” Cleveland Clinic pulmonologist Vickram Tejwani said in December about this type of therapy.

“We need more data on the potential side effects, which could be severe, before we start offering it as a mainstream therapy or treatment,” Tejwani added.

During her appearance on The Art of Being Well podcast, Paltrow also talked about the public scrutiny she has received in response to her bizarre life choices.

“For years it still hurts your feelings,” the Talented Mr. Ripley star said. “I just let it go, because I realized you’re never, ever going to be able to win everybody over. And the pursuit of trying to win somebody over is so awful.”

“Why do we have so much obesity, depression, and type-2 diabetes?” Paltrow added. “We have autonomy over our bodies; what we put into our bodies — when we have a certain degree of mastery of ourselves, we can really start to change our lives and feel really good.”

Speaking of what one puts into their own bodies — in January, Paltrow reminisced about what it was like being a celebrity in the ’90s, telling late-night host James Corden that one could “do cocaine and not get caught,” as well as take home random men because there was “no paparazzi” or people walking around with camera phones, posting celebrities’ activity to social media for all to see.

 

[Repairman-Jack]

I started grade school in the late 70's and I believe by 3rd grade we were being "taught"

Aqua net was going to make the ozone hole over Antarctica so big we'd all die from UV. Acid rain was going to melt everything (a little hyperbole on my part). Styrofoam big mac containers would destroy the world. The world was going to enter a new ice age.

Of all of the above the ozone hole was the biggest "scare"

 

[Dennis Olson]

I don’t give a pitcher of warm spit about the g*ddamn ozone layer. That card was played in the 70’s and 80’s.

 

[Blacknarwhal]

Gwyneth Paltrow Says She Inserts Ozone up Her Butt for ‘Wellness’​

I've got something ole Gwenny can stick up her o-zone, assuming I can find which jar it's in....

It's a match made in Hoboken, it is.